石学七书之《物理初步》序
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越闻学者所尚，唯在于道，汲汲所求者，亦唯道而已矣。更多小说ltxs520.com中庸有言：“诚者天之道，诚之者人之道。”以是言之，则有天道人道之别。其奚辩哉？夫统万物而言谓之天，括人我而无遗；析其理而言谓之道，恒任运而不息。子曰：“道不远人。”以道就人，而见其不异也；思而难得者，以人就道，生彼我之心，而见其异也。知天人之分，则知物我之相待。知物我之相待，则知道体之变，天道之分也。以我观我，见其心体湛然，仁义礼智出乎其间；以我观物，见其心体之动，应物之际，喜怒哀乐出乎其间；以物观我，见其气质之性，饮食男女，爱欲好恶出乎其间；以物观物，则见其自然而然，乃得物理也。此四者别途而行，于道不一不异。异与不异，相与为一，必求异于不异，使得其精，求不异于异，始得其神。非大圣其孰能至此乎！
然观于往圣先贤之所作，于此皆秘而不言。昔庖犠氏观鸟兽之文而画八卦，以象天地水火山泽雷风，通神明之德而类万物之情。此上古圣贤所以悬象设教，以弥纶礼乐刑政之所不及也。至于文王，幽囚羑里，乃重八卦而为六十四卦，系辞以象吉凶，知以藏往，神以知来，吉凶与民同忧患。子曰：“易之兴也，其于中古乎？作易者其有忧患乎？”刚柔动静之变，吉凶悔吝之判，盖有深意存焉。然则首乾坤而道君子之德，次屯蒙而言建候发蒙之意，讼则直指人事，革则气运兴废，皆天人相参而先王政教之遗绪，而非物理之正也。八卦之外，别有五行，取象拟物，似少近焉，然上通天德而关鼎革之事，终无意于究物理之微也。旁及百家，亦鲜有言之者，偶或一言，亦多形似而神非。老释之徒，辟道别行，谈玄说无，殆贤者过之之病，复以生死之感杂出其间，则去道远矣。而迁客骚人乃益放浪形骸，泛滥于辞章之间。老杜诗云：“细推物理须行乐。”始于物理而终于行乐，不免物我相累，愈出愈远矣。
越蚤岁向学，即念道之大原出于天，盈天地之间者皆道，而思求道于殊方。易曰：“天下一致而百虑，同归而殊途。”渔猎稼穑，百工营造，亦何违于道哉！反复经年，乃知其有所欲于物，故得其利而遗其理，有所为于物，故得其形而遗其精。求明德则正心诚意，始于慎独，遏私欲于将萌，欲德之纯精不杂也。此圣学血脉，何于此而异耶？欲得于物理，必去其利得之心，好恶之情，观象求理，以物合物，乃得其情。得一理则拳拳勿失，积久弥多，会通以求其一；一而复多，考万象以求其实。往而复返，返而复往，道在其中矣。此上通天心而合道，以其纯精不离，磅礴万物也；中则泽及于人，以其发育万物而有五谷蔬麻之盛也；下则惠及百工，以其执一而御，得其本而求其方，焉往而不利哉！
夫人生世间，禀阴阳之气而成体，得神明之心而聪明，仰观吐曜，俯察含章，发言属辞，期以文合天者，其义深矣哉！唯其吟游笑傲，则知鱼之乐于濠上；据梧而思，则别彼我为异途。何则？知鱼之乐者，物我不二，情动于中而形于色也；分别既生，则起彼我之心，疑难纷起，而是非难见也。然则废思虑而任性情，可乎？曰：否也。子曰：“谁能出不由户，何莫由斯道也。”废思虑而求道，如废汲水而求解渴，虽以下愚，知其不可也。老释之途，以虚无为至理，以断灭为高明，格以实事，则茫然无所知，离物而求理也。或曰：淹博之人，骋心万象，日孜孜以奇闻异说为务，劳心穷年，终亦无所得。子曰：“仁者先难后获。”此虽不得其法，犹近于道。而浅见之士，乃文其似是之非而讥人，可乎？今欲求其精微者，必即物以求理，即理以求道。以淹博之功，求高明之意。子曰：“道之不明，我知之矣：贤者过之，不肖者不及焉。”以高明遗淹博，则虚华而无实；以淹博遗高明，则形散而无神矣。
唯以区区之智求天地之理，则有蚍蜉撼树之讥。重以万象纷然，不得而尽，生有涯而知无涯，虽以彭祖之寿，穷思冥索，欲免于望洋向若之叹，亦难矣哉！所以不腆固陋，敢以一得之愚呈于诸君子者，以私意进退之念，不敢预求道之心。睿哲之士，或有取一二者，则越之幸也。
熙宁三年夏六月十三，石越序于白水潭书院。
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