第56章 手术准备
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术室就设在后院他们住的小楼一楼的会客厅,搬了一张单人床过来,根据杜文浩设定的高度架高。
前几天五味堂停业装修期间,杜文浩已经做了一些外科手术准备,订做了刀具、镊子等器械,准备了各种药物、敷料,还设计制作了专门消毒用的高压锅,用青油浸泡过的牛皮做密封圈,密封效果还不错。还配制了用于消毒的药水,甚至还设计订做了几套手术专用大褂、帽子和口罩。这些都分别消毒了封存备用。
现在关键是解决手术中的几个关键环节。
第一个就是抗休克。初步判断,刘捕快是脾破裂,那肯定有内出血,刚才就已经出现了休克,在手术中有可能会再次出现失血性休克,在那种情况下,将会是致命的,由于缺乏输液手段,只能在给病人麻沸之前,让他预先服用抗休克药物。当然,术中出现休克,还可以使用针灸急救,但那会耽误自己手术时间。不到万不得已不走这一步。
林青黛他们准备手术台的时候,杜文浩开始着手配制抗休克汤药——人参四逆汤合固阴煎,阴阳双补以固脱。
第二个要解决的,就是麻沸。宋朝已经有麻沸药“睡圣散”,主要成分是曼陀罗花和火麻花,研末服用,做一些小手术局麻还行,大手术麻沸效果比较差。所以杜文浩决定使用他们医学院在这方面的研究成果。
现代中医届一直在开展中药麻沸探索,最有名的中药麻沸剂,当然就是华佗的“麻服散”,可惜后来在中国境内失传了。不过,麻服散的配方当时已经传到海外日本、韩国等国家。1805年,日本外科医生华冈青州用曼陀罗、生草乌、香白芷、全当归、川芎、炒南星配制了内服麻沸剂,进行了若干例急腹症手术,均获得满意效果,在当时的日本引起广泛轰动。华冈青州将他的麻沸药方剂称为“麻沸汤”,表示传承于华佗的“麻沸散”。
杜文浩他们医科大是中西结合试点单位,在中西医结合方面取得了很多研究成果,其中有两项涉及麻沸,一项是在华冈青州麻沸汤基础上进行中药麻沸汤剂的再开发获得成功,经审批后已经用于临床应用,这种中药麻沸剂还有一定的抗休克作用,可以作为辅助抗休克药使用;另一项,就是针灸镇痛。使用针灸增强麻沸效果的办法早已经取得国际医学界普遍认可,在一些手术中,针麻已经作为辅助手段甚至主要麻沸手段在使用。这两项技术杜文浩都已经掌握,实习时也使用过,所以,手术麻沸方面,杜文浩倒不担心。麻沸汤药很快也准备好了。
第三个是抗菌消炎和抗休克药的准备,这方面也没问题,他很快配置好了相关的药剂,
第四是要做腹腔引流等外科用具准备。剖腹手术为了防止各种液体存留在组织裂隙或体腔内,影响组织修复愈合,同时为了防止继发感染或感染加重,以及术后观察手术区内有无活动性出血等目的,需要放置引流条。对于尿潴留的病人,还需要导尿,没有橡胶制品,用什么来作引流管和导尿管呢?
杜文浩琢磨了好一会,终于决定用南瓜藤做引流管,导尿管则用细葱管。这两样外面街上卖菜的就有。杜文浩找了大小合适的买几根回之后,用药水消毒备用。
他设计了一个简易虹吸设备,用来插胃管应付腹腔感染后的腹腔冲洗。
杜文浩检查了一边所有设备、敷料和药物。然后开始进行手部消毒,同时在脑海里仔细回忆学过的脾切除手术全过程、手术要领和注意事项。
等一会打开腹腔,确定是脾破裂后,为了最大限度保证成功,杜文浩决定实施全脾切除,因为保脾术与脾切除术相比,操作相对复杂,有术后再出血的可能。而且,病患伤情危重、必须尽快结束手术,最主要的,是杜文浩没有这类手术的经验,选择相对比较简单的全脾切除,保险系数会高得多,也能大幅缩小手术时间,减小手术风险。
按道理,对于有内出血病患,一般都需要输血支持,但是杜文浩没有输血相关设备,没办法输血,只能指望内出血量不太大,要不就完蛋了。
一切准备妥当后,却仍然没见到那家人抬着刘捕快回来。
雪霏儿和庞雨琴跑到门口张望了好几次,都很奇怪。最后,二女忍耐不住,决定去探查看看。
[记住网址龙腾小说ltxs520.com]
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