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第二二三章:山中突变

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这就是说舟楫的发明是基于远古人们克服交通障碍、互相交流的需要。在极其漫长的历史时期内,原始人没有任何交通工具,都是徒步行走。最古老的交通工具是木棍,它不仅是采集狩猎的工具,也是人们行走时的拐杖和背扛物品的工具。

《礼记曲礼上》:“谋于长者,必操几杖以从之。”木杖就是由棍棒发展来的。搬运较重的物品,人类最初往往把圆木柱垫在重物之下,借其滚动而移动,但是这种办法阻力大,垫木要多。

《淮南子说山训》说:黄帝“见飞蓬转而知为车,……以类取之”,《古今图书集成考工典车舆部》:“黄帝有熊氏始见转蓬而制车”,黄帝看到风蓬之旋转而发明了车。实际上是黄帝在人们用圆柱滚动重物的基础上,改垫为轴,再在两旁安上轮子,最初的车轮和轴是固定的,轴与车辕之间有一个滑动的槽,车身有辕和轩。

《路史前纪七》就说:“横木为轩,直木为辕,以尊太上,故名轩辕氏。”黄帝因为发明了车而闻名于世,人们遂以轩辕氏来称呼车辆的发明者。因此,《通考氏族略》说:“古之得姓受氏者,有以技为氏,以事为氏。”

“有巢教会人类筑巢而居,所以叫有巢氏;燧人钻木取火,教会人类用火,故号燧人氏;神农发明了农耕技术而号神农氏。这就是说,“轩辕”就如同有巢、燧人、神农这些称呼一样,是为了纪念发明或发现者的称呼。而车的发明是人类生活的巨大进步,也为黄帝治理天下提供了条件。”

略作停顿,钟院长继续说起船的起源。

原始人砍倒树木横跨小河两岸,便可踏木过河,这就是独木桥。在较浅的河水里,放置若干石块,人们踏石而过,这是最古老的石桥。在较大的河流上,也可用木杆纵横交错,搭成木拱桥。在水急地险的地方,人们发明一种溜索桥。除桥以外,原始人还能够借助一定的工具,泅渡葫芦是人类最早的泅渡工具之一。一般是在身上拴个葫芦,就能巧渡江河了。

《周易泰卦》九二爻辞说:“包荒,用冯河,不遐遗朋,弗亡,得尚于中行。”

《庄子逍遥游》:“今子有五石之瓠,何不虑以为大樽,而浮于江湖。”

司马彪说:“樽如酒器,缚之于身,浮于江湖,可以自渡。”

可知上古的人们凭借一只葫芦渡过大河的事情是司空见惯的。人们还结合树木和泅渡方法,很早以前人们将漂浮在水面上的树木并排地拴在一起,就成了木筏。大筏或竹筏的出现既加大了安全系数,又增强了渡河的灵活性。

古代关于舟的发明,说法纷纷,而最多的则仍然是黄帝。除了前面所引,还有《淮南子说山训》说:黄帝“见木浮而知为舟,……以类取之。”

黄帝发明舟楫,就是在以前渡河经验的基础上,选择一段粗大的树干,先用火烧去中间部分,然后用石斧砍制成形,制成独木舟的样子,然后又用火烤制木桨。舟楫的制造使得古人的水路交通更为便利。

“从衣食住行四个角度来看,黄帝时期都是一个大发展时期,为后世的发展奠定了极为重要的意义,所以人们才会将其与炎帝并称为炎黄,才会称自己为炎黄子孙。”

说到这,钟院长又不可避免地叹了口气,高古文明辉煌无比,但留下的实物并不多,只有残破的遗址,零星的史料,以及一段段美好的传说。

“就先跟你说这些,好好消化,要是有什么想不通的地方,随时可以打电话问我。”钟院长感觉有些疲惫,便切断通话。

“高古时期,到底是怎样的世界?”秦学兵突然有些神往那个已经过去几十个世纪的古老世界。在那个世界里,应该到处都是深山老林,人类与各种懂穿梭其中……不像现在,除了钢筋水泥,还是钢筋水泥。

“时空穿梭!”秦学兵突然想起这四个字,自从黄易大师打开这扇大门,继往者络绎不绝,因何?

或许,是另一个世界的魅力,可以是自然,可以是人文,甚至可以是灾难。

嗷……

虎啸声又再一次响起,不像先前那般嘹亮雄壮,那是因为洞口被堵上,声音传递要透过山体,再经过空气,多了一层介质。

只要明白这个道理就可以想象声音有多大,绝对要比先前嘹亮许多,否则绝不可能穿过山体。

突然,地面传来微弱的颤动,不是很明显,但只要留心就能感觉到这股微弱的颤动,似乎地震。

大雪笼罩,覆盖在龙门石窟上的白雪开始脱落,一小撮一小撮,一大团一大团,最后就跟雪崩一样,只是没有雪崩恢宏的气势。

“难道真的要出来吗?”秦学兵看着龙门山,神情凝重。

ps:月票不动弹啊,求月票!!!(。如果您喜欢这部作品,()投推荐票、月票,您的支持,就是我最大的动力。)

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