第四百四十八章 星星之火（二）
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“既然，风俗都能改变，那就说明每个一个时代的道德标准都不一样。最新地址ltxsba.fun现在我们看起来不道德的事情，在西周之时或许是很正常的事情。比如春秋时的女子可以自己选择夫婿，又比如管子以国家的名义开青楼，在当时也是很正常的事情。”
“再比如，上古之时，古人聚族而居，一族以母亲为首领，这就是所谓的母系氏族。说：圣人皆无父，感天而生。说：三人行路，见玄鸟堕其卵，简狄取吞之，因孕生契。是为殷商先祖。说，周始祖后稷名弃，其母出野，见巨人迹，必忻然说，欲践之。践之而身动如孕者，居期而生子。也说：玄鸟损卵，女脩吞之，生子大业，即秦之先祖。所谓无父，感天而生实际是母系制婚姻形态的反映。一个女子可以有无数个丈夫，可以广开后宫。这道德吗，不道德，可在当时却符合礼仪的。”
周楠说得高兴处，引经据典，将原始社会的社会形态大概地说了一遍，紧紧地扣着生产力和生产关系这个主题。
学生们什么时候听过这样的课，简直就是开眼界了。一个个口中啧啧有声，大抽冷气。
说了半天，周楠又道：“又比如管子重商，后人多有诟病，道，天下财富皆有定数，商贾对于国家毫无用处。这话在为师看来，却是大错特错了。”
“在世人眼中，商贾只是将货物从一个地方贩卖到另外一个地方，在这个过程中，物资的总量并没有发生改变，不增不减，所以得出结论，商贾对国家没有任何好处。但是，大家都忘记了一点，商业可以激励生产，激发人的创造力和生产力。”
“打个比方，古时妇女人纺织，在家中田间地头种上几颗桑树，种上一畦黄麻，用一台织机为全家纺织衣衫。一个月也就能织上一件衣裳，种桑养蚕、割麻都要耗费大量的时间和精力。”
“自从有了商贾之后，就有精明的商人将这些活儿都分解成几项。有人种桑种麻，有人喂蚕抽丝，有人则负责纺织。再加上织机经过上千年的改良，纺织速度已经大大提高。就苏州、南京的织工，一天织上两匹布也不是什么难事。这事在商周，却要一个月。”
“在巨大的利益刺激下，百姓种桑养蚕的积极想得到极大提高，生产规模不断扩大。如此，社会财富在商业活动中就这么飞快增长。”
“我只是举纺织这个例子，其他行业也同样如此。”
道理说起来很简单，可周楠今天却说得透彻了。
学生们一个个听得如痴如醉。
周楠最后道：“管仲以商立国，就是基于这一原理。在商业的刺激下，社会总财富在飞快增加。国家在商业上抽得大笔赋税，想不强盛也难。”
他话锋一转：“我朝一想不重商税，很多地方也仅仅叫商贾交上一点通关钱就了事。对于国家财政来说，这点赋税也可以忽略不计。非不愿，而是不知道这其中的利益大到何等程度。据我所知，两船湖南的桐油若是送去南京，甚至淮安，商贾所得之利在五十两之巨。知道南京下关码头抽多少税吗？”
他树起两根手指：“二两，再加上九江、安庆的水关所抽的赋税，总数超不过六两。大家想一想，五十两白银之利，如果种地，得种多少亩地？这么说吧，当年我在老家务农的时候，一年到头也就存下三两银子。商贾走一趟船就足够我干上十年。诸君将来都是要到各大衙门为万岁效力的，必然会接触实务。民间有一句俗话说得好：贫贱夫妻百事哀。一个家庭如此，一个国家也是这样，没有钱那是万万不能的。商贾立国、君子言利不道德，可国家贫弱，野有饿殍，难道就道德？”
众太监陷入了沉思。
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