过秦论
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秦孝公据肴函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守，以窥周室；有席卷天下，包举宇内，囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。龙腾小说ltxs520.com当是时，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之备，外连衡而斗诸侯。於是秦人拱手而取西河之外。
孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄，蒙故业。因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴蜀，东割膏腴之地，收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋而弱秦，不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵；此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤重士，约从离横，兼韩、魏、燕、赵、齐、楚、宋、卫、中山之众。於是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、昭滑、楼绥、翟景、苏厉、栾毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、儿良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关延敌，九国师，逡巡遁逃而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。於是从散，争割地而赂秦。秦有馀力而制其敝，追亡逐北，伏尸百万，流血漂橹；因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂河山，强国请服，弱国入朝。施及孝文王、庄襄王，享国日浅，国家无事。
及至始皇，奋六世之馀烈，振长策而驭宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合，执捶拊以鞭笞天下，威振四海，南取百越之地以为桂林、象郡；百越之君，首系颈，委命下吏；乃使蒙恬北长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百馀里；胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯而报怨。於是废先王之道，焚百家之言，以愚黔首；堕名城，杀豪俊，收天下之兵，聚之咸阳，销锋，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。然後践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城，临不测之渊以固。良将劲弩，守要害之处；信臣精卒，陈兵而谁何？天下已定，秦王之心，自以为关中之固，金城千里，子孙帝王万世之业也。
始皇既没，馀威震於殊俗。然而陈涉，牖绳枢之子，隶之人，而迁徙之徒也，才能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富，蹑足行伍之间，而倔起阡陌之中，率罢散之卒，将数百之众，转而攻秦；斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集而响应，嬴粮而景从，山东豪俊，遂并起而亡秦族矣。
且夫天下非小弱也，雍州之地，肴函之固，自若也；陈涉之位，非尊於齐、楚、燕、赵韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也；锄棘矜，非於钩戟长铩也；谪戍之众，非沆於九国之师也；深谋远虑，行军用兵之道，非及曩时之士也；然而成败异变，功业相反也。试使山东之国，与陈涉度长大，比权量力，则不可同年而语矣；然秦以区区之地，致万乘之权，招八州而朝同列，百有馀年矣；然後以六合为家，肴函为宫，一夫作难而七庙堕，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也？仁义不施，而攻守之势异也。
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