《三国演义》（英文名：TheromanceofThreeKingdoms），是中国古代第一部长篇章回小说，是历史演义小说的经典之作。小说描写了公元3世纪以曹操、刘备、孙权为首的魏、蜀、吴三个政治、军事集团之间的矛盾和斗争。在广阔的社会历史背景上，展示出那个时代尖锐复杂又极具特色的政治军事冲突，在政治、军事谋略方面，对后世产生了深远的影响。
在《三国演义》全书出现以前，中国各类小说一般都篇幅短小，有些甚至只有几十个字。三国演义是中国第一部长篇小说，中国小说如何由短篇发展至长篇，这点我们要注意。原来宋代讲故事的风气盛行，说书成为一种职业，说书人喜欢拿古代人物的故事作为题材来敷演，而陈寿《三国志》里面的人物众多，事件纷繁，正是撰写故事的最好素材。三国故事某些零星片段原来在民间也已流传，加上说书人长期取材，内容越来越丰富，人物形象越来越饱满，最后由许多独立的故事逐渐组合而成长篇巨著。这些各自孤立的故事在社会上经过漫长时间口耳相传，最后得到辗转加工，集合成书，成为中国第一部长篇小说，这是一种了不起的集体创造。与由单一作者撰写完成的小说在形态上有所不同，很值得我们注意。这种源出众手的小说，后来还有神魔小说《西游记》和另一讲史小说《水浒传》。三国演义对后来的小说相信有一定的启导作用。讲史文学的源流，这部巨著本身的文学价值，以及它对后世的影响，都值得我们深入讨论。
三国故事在我国古代民间颇为流行。宋元时代即被搬上舞台，金、元演出的三国剧目达30多种。元代至治年间出现了新安虞氏所刊的《全相三国志平话》。元末明初罗贯中综合民间传说和戏曲、话本，结合陈寿《三国志》和裴松之注的史料，根据他个人对社会人生的体悟，创作了《三国志通俗演义》，现存最早刊本是明嘉靖年所刊刻的，俗称“嘉靖本”，本书24卷。清康熙年间，毛纶毛宗岗父子辨正史事、增删文字，修改成今日通行的120回本《三国演义》。
《三国演义》描写的是从东汉末年到西晋初年之间近一百年的历史风云。全书反映了三国时代的政治军事斗争，反映了三国时代各类社会矛盾的渗透与转化，概括了这一时代的历史巨变，塑造了一批咤叱风云的英雄人物。在对三国历史的把握上，作者表现出明显的拥刘反曹倾向，以刘备集团作为描写的中心，对刘备集团的主要人物加以歌颂，对曹操则极力揭露鞭挞。今天我们对于作者的这种拥刘反曹的倾向应有辩证的认识。尊刘反曹是民间传说的主要倾向，在罗贯中时代隐含着人民对汉族复兴的希望。
《三国演义》刻划了近200个人物形象，其中最为成功的有诸葛亮、曹操、关羽、刘备等人。诸葛亮是作者心目中的“贤相”的化身，他具有“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”的高风亮节，具有近世济民再造太平盛世的雄心壮志，而且作者还赋予他呼风唤雨、神机妙算的奇异本领。曹操是一位奸雄，他生活的信条是“宁教我负天下人，不教天下人负我”，既有雄才大略，又残暴奸诈，是一个政治野心家阴谋家这与历史上的真曹操是不可混同的。关羽“威猛刚毅”、“义重如山”。但他的义气是以个人恩怨为前提的，并非国家民族之大义。刘备被作者塑造成为仁民爱物、视贤下士、知人善任的仁君典型。
《三国演义》描写了大大小小的战争，构思宏伟，手法多样，使我们清晰地看到了一场场刀光血影的战争场面。其中官渡之战、赤壁之战等战争的描写波澜起伏、跌宕跳跃，读来惊心动魄。
全书的文不甚深，言不甚俗，简洁明快，气势充沛，生动活泼。
《三国演义》带来我国历史小说创作的热潮，它所塑造的一系列人物形象在我国已家喻户晓，妇孺皆知。&/p>
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