第900章 损有余而补不足
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“五谷者，万民之命，国之重宝也。”
以此为开篇，就在这片邺城郊外的麦田里，计然向赵无恤吐露了让赵氏安然度过灾年的计划。
“人之性命不过数十年，必先有所积蓄，以备灾异，方能安然无忧，家国亦然。一旦遇灾，若处理不好，轻则人民冻饿致死，重则邦国离散，社稷易主。然而夏禹之时，天下接连九年遭遇洪水，而百姓没有流离失所；商汤之时，天下接连大旱七年，而百姓没有因此饿死于道，这是古之贤人能提前预料灾异，并储备充足的缘故。”
计然指着丰收的麦田粟地，给赵无恤算了一笔账：在这次丰收后，赵氏的各郡府库里，邺地将有一年半余粮，河内有三年，长子也有两年，这是因为过去几年这三地没有大规模用兵的缘故，只是邺城移民有多，消耗了不少。而数次出兵的太原只有一年积蓄，东阳是一年半，贫瘠的代郡和河间更只有半年，新归附的上郡处于羁縻统治中，没有算进去。
这就是计然之前所说的“兴师者必先蓄积食、钱、布帛，不先蓄积，士卒数饥，饥则易伤”。赵无恤的士兵不是不吃不喝的陶俑，每一次动兵，都意味着耗费大量粮食。这也是赵氏过去三年，只小规模动兵，没有打举国之战的缘故，无他，粮食不足而已。
至于连年作战，几度征召民众的魏、韩两家，赵无恤估摸着，安邑和虢城能有一年余粮就要烧高香了。
不过若真如苌弘所预料，灾异一来，大家都逃不了。
赵无恤皱眉道：“如此说来，若整个冀州（两河之间曰冀，包括山西）都遭灾，太原、东阳、河间、代的粮食就有些捉襟见肘了。这样，从今日起开始削减耗费粮食的大工程，如开凿太行各隘口陉道可以稍后放放，再以河内之粮移于各郡府库，如何？”
“这只是节流，对于各郡而言，只怕是杯水车薪。”
计然指着远处一片水田道：“赵氏的粮食，就好比这水田里的水，再怎么节约，太阳暴晒下也有干涸的时候。所以除此之外，还得疏通调整，还得开源，挖开田埂，让别处的水流进来。”
“如何调整？还请先生说说。”
“其实很简单。”计然笑道：“谷贱则伤农，谷贵则伤末……”
……
“粮食是有一定价格的，以赵氏五铢钱为准，二十钱一石太贱，九十钱一石则太贵。谷物价格太高打击了商贾，让彼辈雇不起工，转运的货物水涨船高奇贵无比，由此导致市肆萧条，赵氏少府的税收就会下降。若谷物价格太低打击了农民，农民就会荒芜土地，就会闹饥荒，老朽身为治粟内史，也无法完成上计。遇上灾异，更是雪上加霜，可能会导致民众外逃。”
赵无恤了头，这就是后世魏惠王”河东灾、河内灾……邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也？“这个疑问的由来了。多国并存的情况下，百姓在此国活不下，完全可以越境跑到别国去谋生，反正地广人稀，别国政府也欢迎。不像后来，到处都是同一个官府，流浪还会被镇压，就只能揭竿造反了。
赵氏现在的官制，已和晋国原有的完全不同，反倒像是秦汉九卿制度，许多官位连名字都一模一样。赵无恤已任命计然从邺城令升任“治粟内史”，属官有太仓、籍田、农丞、平准、均输等，一如其名，管的是经济的重中之重农业。
经济部门还有“少府”，交给了精通数学的计侨，掌工商，以及钱谷金帛诸货币铸造，收入归入赵无恤私人小金库里，也是一笔不小的收入。
计然身为治粟内史，在其位，自然要谋其政，赵氏领地广阔，他也能将生平所学所悟一一施展出来。
“所以，粮价不宜高过九十钱，收购价也不可低于二十钱，如此对农民和商贾都有利。但这粮价要如何调节呢？商贾货殖粮食，自有一套自己内在的规律，所以价格随市肆供需而波动。”
“臣的建议是，在适当的时候采购粮食（籴dí），再在合适的时机抛售出去（粜tiào）。如此一来，无论丰年灾年，粮价都能保持在一定范围之内，农商两利。此乃损有余而补不足也，就算真的遇上饥馑水旱，粮价也不会飞涨，市肆物价能够稳定，民众也不会惊慌离散，逃往外国。”
赵无恤听得头不已，不过这东西，总感觉前世上历史课时曾听过似的。
想了好一会，他终于一拍脑袋。
这不就是魏国李悝改革里的“平籴法”么！
……
不过赵无恤回忆之后，发现计然的重是通过抛售粮食让农商两利，称之为“平粜法”倒是更合适些。
平粜、平籴，各自出自计然和李悝，两种相隔百年的观，整体思想是一致的，翻译成现代的语言，那就是：国家用建立一定的粮食储备和粮食价格调节基金的办法，去干预全国的粮食市场，在市场上适时吞吐粮食，以平抑粮价，保护和促进粮食生产的稳定与发展。
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