第1204章 万里关河
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ps:大流士一世《贝希斯敦铭文》:“下列诸省:波斯、埃兰、巴比伦、亚述、阿拉伯、埃及、沿海、吕底业、爱奥尼亚、米底、……花剌子模、巴克特里亚……共二十三省归属于我,按阿胡拉·马兹达的旨意,我成为他们的国王。”(林志纯主编:《世界通史资料选辑》(上古部分),第187~188页)
……
“温泉关一战,薛王为数千希腊人所阻,死伤两万余才堪堪拿下关隘,此役斯巴达之王虽战死,但薛王也为之心惊,不敢再攻伐斯巴达,遂移师雅典。然雅典空其城邑,其国王臣民遁入海岛,薛王大怒,烧其都城,又令水师战船八百,追击雅典舟师。”
“当时,薛王高踞山,坐于镀金宝座之上,令臣在左,令波斯史官在右,同观这一波斯灭希腊之役。然雅典海军船只虽少,却擅长水战,舟船犀利,以两百敌八百,竟越战越勇,从清晨战至夕阳,波斯水师大溃,半数被擒,海上尽是残船木板,死者上万……薛王见状,心如刀绞,不由得顿足捶胸,失声恸哭……”
他描述得绘声绘色,将薛西斯的懊恼完全呈现出来,赵无恤不由哈哈大笑。
不过他现在最关心的是,柳下越有没有机会与希腊人碰个面。要知道,后世一直有种说法,在埃及和两河这两个最古老的文明之后,公元前一千年到公元前后,又兴起了三个古典文明:中国、希腊、印度,他们后来居上,在哲学科学等方向远远超越了埃及和两河。这段时期被称为轴心时代,最大的贡献是几个宗教的印度且不说,希腊和中原,堪称东西翘楚,留下的精神和物质文明奠定了后来两千年的世界格局。
若是赵无恤没记错的话,苏格拉底、柏拉图等大能还没出生,但是毕达哥拉斯学派已经有了,这个学派在几何学、自然科学和哲学上都有很深的造诣,若是能与东方进行交流,对临漳学宫里方兴未艾的数学、格物学和名辩学都有很大补益。
然而可惜的是,柳下越名为宾客,实为囚徒,被波斯人死死看着,根本没机会去希腊好好走走转转,便跟随薛西斯返回了波斯。
“在水陆皆遇挫后,薛王已无战心,遂留少许兵力守海峡,大军撤回。”
“遭此大败,薛王色厉内荏,不敢再言东征中原之事,更惧怕丝国与希腊东西夹击。遂放臣东归,声称西方之万王之王,愿与东方赵天子为友,派遣使者,互通有无,还赠了臣波斯女子十人,骆驼十匹,骏马十驷,黄金十斤……”
见赵无恤对希腊那个小邦念念不忘,他又道:“臣于次年(公元前479年)东返,返回前听闻,希腊诸邦的联军再次击败波斯,几近将波斯人赶回西海东岸。如今,希腊已成波斯大敌,心腹之患,见波斯连希腊都无法征服,波斯的一些郡和属国也发生叛乱,薛王四处平叛,疲于奔命,现如今看来,这波斯虽大,但各郡仍不稳固,各郡文字异形,语言异音,连信奉的鬼神也完全不同。照臣看来,若不更制,这波斯迟早要分崩离析。”
赵无恤也有所感触:“中原又何尝不是如此呢?兼并诸侯易,唯坚凝难。”
波斯还好,至少维持了两百多年统治,不过从始至终,波斯都只是一个不同郡国构成的联邦,距离真正的帝国差得远。后来的亚历山大帝国,更是骤然兴起,又骤然分裂,秦朝也是同样的道理,唯一的区别是中原分而再合,但西亚和北非则很难完全捏合,到现在还是支离破碎。
其中缘故,赵无恤再清楚不过:“以兵道征服天下,不过十年便可,但想要以王道坚凝天下,使其车同轨,书同文,行同伦,非百年不能有成效!”
天下一统是大势所趋,但要如何避免亡秦之患,才是最考量统治者的难题。
他无奈地笑了笑,又问道:“如此说来,子骞去时花了四年,回时只用了两年?”
“从波斯都城再到大夏(巴克特里亚),路途安全,臣只花了数月。之后因为惧怕再被塞人所劫掠,臣便听从大夏人之言,改走了西域的南道。”
他在地图上指给赵无恤看:“臣东出大夏,先到了游牧的西胡,进入沙漠后途经莎车、竖沙两城邦,又经过盛产美玉的白玉山国,当地人又自称于阗,这之后沿着昆仑山东行,又回到了楼兰,然后便是原路返回。”
如此一来,柳下越算是把西域的南道北道两路都探索了一遍,还画了地图回来,真是难得可贵。
不过说到这里,他又面色一黯,向赵无恤请罪道:“然再度途经西羌时,恰逢西羌各部战乱,臣的部属再度失散,所带的汗血宝马、黄金、波斯女子又为羌人所掠,臣孑然一人,又被羌人拘禁了月余,以赵国使者的名义多次恐吓,羌人才将我放归,臣听闻君侯正在攻打秦国,不敢贸然入秦,只能先转道乌氏,这才得见君侯……”
赵无恤倒是不以为忤,笑道:“人没事就好,子骞完成了凿空异域的壮举,寡人见你平安归来,高兴还还来不及呢!只要留着有用之身,日后有的是机会去西域贸易,将所需之物一并买回来!”
柳下越再拜感激,不过又想起了什么,连忙掏出腰间的一个小褡裢,双手捧着献给赵无恤:“羌人贪图黄金、名马、女子,但对臣暗暗藏着的一些不起眼东西并无兴趣,这也是臣此行,唯一带回的物产……”
赵无恤接过来一瞧,却见里面装着的,是一堆褐色的植物种子,一些种子的籽壳上还有白色的絮状纤维……
似曾相识,他猛地一震,追问道:“此乃何物?”
柳下越道:“此乃大夏、西域一带的一种草木,其籽实成熟后如同蚕茧,茧中白丝细腻,当地人用来织布,称之为白叠子……臣见其可以用来织布,却又与丝麻不同,想到君侯让我多留心当地作物,便带了一些回来。”
“棉,这是棉花!”
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