第10节：基金“牧羊犬”的道德风险
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基金“牧羊犬”的道德风险
目前正受推崇的一种观是，因为这些先天的弱，散户最明智的做法是购买基金。更多小说ltxsba.com这个基本思路似乎没有错，2006年基金收益不菲也是一个很有力的证据。
可是，在对此观认同的同时，笔者也难以对此投没有保留的赞成票。2006年基金跑得很好，并不意味着2007年购买基金就会高枕无忧。尽管购买基金的确比一般散户独立操作风险小，但基金也有基金的问题，其主要的隐患在于基金的管理人，或者说看护一群散户绵羊的“牧羊犬”可能出状况。对于那些国有基金，“牧羊犬”的正常收益来源于羊群看得好，羊长得肥，数量增多，羊毛毛色光亮，主人剪得的羊毛又多又好，卖了羊毛后，“牧羊犬”获得“主人”的一些奖赏。但是，这个收益一则周期较长，二则收入有限，远不如“牧羊犬”自己偷偷剪羊毛卖，甚至将整只羊都偷卖掉赚钱快。
在中国，“牧羊犬”监守自盗的情况在很多领域都会发生，在基金领域当然也不会例外，但令人遗憾的是，迄今为止，几乎没有一只“牧羊犬”受到严厉的惩罚。最近，不乏以前的国有基金的优秀“牧羊犬”摇身一变成了私募基金的管理者。
“牧羊犬”的道德风险问题，在未推出股指期货之前，股市是单边市时，不是太大问题，因为在单边市中，只有股指上升，所有人（包括散户、国有机构、私募基金、老鼠仓）都能赚钱，股指下跌时所有人都赔钱，都会被套，可以说一荣俱荣，一损俱损。
可股指期货一旦推出后，情况就完全不同了。股指上涨或下跌都会有人赚钱，原来同一命运的股市投资者难免慢慢分野为两个阵营，一个是以散户和国有基金为主的营垒，一个是以私募基金、老鼠仓为主的营垒。这两个阵营博弈，一定是后者赢过前者，这里不光有智慧和能力的较量，更重要的责任心和归属感的问题，最怕的是那些身在曹营心在汉的“牧羊犬”。因此，2007年散户投资者对基金要抱有相当的警惕性。而在基金中，从“牧羊犬”的忠诚度上说，开放式基金的安全性要比封闭式基金高，中外合资基金的安全性要比国有基金高。
那么，散户投资者就只能对股市望洋兴叹了吗？也不完全是。散户投资者有自己的优势：第一，行动迅速，要逃跑肯定比机构快；第二，他们没有机构投资者每个季度、每年都要公告业绩的压力，可以放长线吊大鱼；第三，由于钱是自己的钱，一旦投资者有负责任的专业财经媒体帮助，他们自己又善于学习，能了解机构的心态和手法，也不排除能够赢机构的可能；第四，他们中最聪明和最有实战业绩的，有可能成为私募基金的操盘或研究高手，比如在《第一财经日报》上开设股市模拟投资账户的林园，如果他现在想建立自己的私募基金，应该不是什么困难的事情。
在推心置腹地向新散户谈了股市试水的“金科玉律”后，我们就可以和那些已有相当丰富投资经验的散户精英来探讨2007年的投资风险与机遇了。
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