第二百七十四章 废儒与儒本
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但是当很多人现儒家的仁义和礼教不能解救这乱世于水火,甚至不能自保时,人们就不会在执着于坚持儒家。
总的来说,在这个时代儒家的地位还不是那么不可动摇。历史上魏晋南北朝时期正是儒家作为思想正统受到最大冲击的时期,佛道两家因统治者的信仰而轮番大行于世,在后世也留下了“南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中”的感慨。
张绣沉思熟虑良久才做出了这个最终决定:废除儒家独尊的地位,重新倡导恢复百家争鸣的思想自由时代!这一决策事关国之根本,自然不是说成就成的,先必须经文武百官朝议,甚至有必要张榜告民,朝野共商而形成国议。
不同于以往,张绣在提出这一决策先表明了自己态度,而不是保持中立态度等众人朝议各抒己见之后再行决定。
张绣此举乃是极为大胆的,稍有不慎便会引起天下人非议。但是另一方面又是不能不表态的。兹事实在体大,若是张绣不出头,是绝不会有人敢冒天下之大不韪提出此议的。
但是张绣一坚定表态,事情就会有很大机会了。侍中刘晔第一个站出来表态支持,接着太尉陈宫、水师都督周瑜亦是言支持。
这其中刘晔自然是代表墨家声的。刘晔虽然精习儒家经典,但对于儒家治国那一套却是丝毫不感兴趣。早期的刘晔代理庐江太守,算不上张绣的正式臣属。但自张绣那一次皖城之行,便是顺势了结了两人之间一年之期的那个约定,表了忠心,正式归入张绣帐下。现被调入寿春,任亲侍顾问的侍中之职,已然成为张绣平时最亲信的文臣之一。
如今他第一个站出来却是不出乎众人所料的。但是刘晔却也没敢一下否定儒家学说和地位。而是引用儒家经典论语中“工欲善其事必先利其器”一句宣扬了一波墨家学说和技艺,借儒家之口为墨家的地位进行申诉,从而间接支持张绣废儒。尽管如此,能有人如此快的响应张绣的废儒主张也是极为难得的。
而陈宫和周瑜两人则是受兵家思想影响较深,并不畏惧直言儒家学说于乱世的空洞乏力,强调乱世以兵为先,以战止战。另外顺带表示了一下对于刘晔的支持,毕竟刘晔所主持设计的霹雳车和三弓床弩对于军队作战能力有很大提升作用。
但是楚国文武重臣中附和张绣目前也仅此三人,相比之下反对的声音似乎更大一些。比如御史大夫袁涣袁曜卿,便是在张绣提出废除儒学独尊地位之后立刻便当面出言反对的。
袁涣在张绣手下一众文臣幕僚中乃是有名的刚直敢谏,其声望名位在楚国文臣中乃是仅次于贾诩的存在。其人虽然在儒学上的造诣一般,但却是天下少有的守志行义之儒。再加上其位高权重,任仅次于三公之职行吏事监察的御史大夫之职。其从弟袁霸、袁徽、袁敏又分别因才干学识位居蕲春太守、大学士、司空府都水台大夫之职,一门五品以上四人,在楚国绝无仅有。是故袁涣其话语之分量,在楚国儒者中无人可出其右。
而附议袁涣的楚国文武也不在少数。数日之内,以御史大夫袁涣为、司空王朗、太常阚泽、中书令是仪、大学士袁徽、张昭等人便是一齐于朝会提出谏言,以乱世中以求稳要紧,不可妄动国本为由望张绣收回废儒之言。
张绣自然不肯,侍中刘晔、太尉陈宫当堂便是与王朗阚泽等人辩论开来。虽说支持恢复百家思想的比坚持儒家正统地位的文武重臣少得多,人数和言量难以相比,但是谁让张绣明确了自己废儒的态度,因而刘晔和陈宫在朝堂上争论的气势却不比袁涣王朗张昭阚泽等人弱。
甚至在这一轮争论中,刘晔陈宫等人还占据了一些上风。废儒派直指儒学本质,以其本身作为一种学术思想的局限,只可堪当一般的礼仪文化、不可当长久治国之本。而兴国之本在于法治、在于人文、在于理哲学数、在于各种治国思想理念的相互补充均衡。
这番话说出来袁涣王朗等人却是无力反驳,儒家之于乱世的作用确实有限,不然也就不至于今天这种局面了。尤其是本身就深受法家思想影响的王朗,已经深知数理之用的阚泽,更是产生了些许动摇。
但是这一轮朝议却仍是没能决定出就此废儒的国策,因为更多的人,是处于中立的观望或难以决断的状态。不论是废儒派还是儒本派,想要占据上风都需要一个过程。总的一句话,重新明确思想正统这种事本就是慢慢来的,急是急不得的。
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