潘岳悼亡犹费词（二）(1)
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——《其二》
曜灵运天机，四节代迁逝。
凄凄朝露凝，烈烈夕风厉。
奈何悼淑俪，仪容永潜翳。
念此如昨日，谁知已卒岁。
改服从朝政，哀心寄私制。
茵帱张故房，朔望临尔祭。
尔祭讵几时，朔望忽复尽。
衾裳一毁撤，千载不复引。
亹亹朞月周，戚戚弥相愍。
悲怀感物来，泣涕应情陨。
驾言陟东阜，望坟思纡轸。
徘徊墟墓间，欲去复不忍。
徘徊不忍去，徙倚步踟蹰。
落叶委埏侧，枯荄带坟隅。
孤魂独茕茕，安知灵与无。
投心遵朝命，挥涕强就车。
谁谓帝宫远，路极悲有余。
——《其三》
三首悼亡诗比较为人所知的是前二首。潘安对结发妻子一往情深，杨氏是晋代名儒杨肇的女儿，十岁就许配给潘家。杨氏一家门第清高，男女都有真才实学。潘安与杨氏伉俪和谐，始终如一。不料杨氏早逝。
李商隐诗“只有安仁能作诔，何曾宋玉解招魂”，说的就是杨氏死后潘岳做的三首悼亡诗，情深意切，显然比宋玉招魂要靠谱多了。
我读潘岳的悼亡诗，与其说是爱他的诗句，不如说是称许他对爱的节操。美男子难得，痴情美男更是难得。潘岳的《悼亡三首》上承了《诗经·邶风·绿衣》，下开了元稹的悼亡诗。自他之后，悼亡竟成了夫悼妻的代言。
绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄里。心之忧矣，曷维其已！
绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄裳。心之忧矣，曷维其亡！
绿兮丝兮，女所治兮。我思古人，俾无訧兮！
絺兮绤兮，凄其以风。我思古人，实获我心！
——《诗经·绿衣》
《绿衣》是中国最早的一首悼亡诗。对后世影响极为深远。诗说一男子手抚妻子遗物衣裳，悲戚不已，追忆旧时情谊，感念妻子对自己的照顾和耐心规劝，感伤着再也没有另一个人如此的贤德美惠，可以理解自己的心了。
后世的悼亡诗，在表现手法上明显受《绿衣》影响。如潘岳的第一首“帏屏无仿佛，翰墨有余迹。流芳未及歇，遗挂犹在壁”、“寝兴何时忘，沉忧日盈积”等句，其实是取《绿衣》第一、二章意；第二首“凛凛凉风起，始觉夏衾单。岂曰无重纩，谁与同岁寒”、“床空委清尘，室虚来悲风”、“寝兴目存形，遗音犹在耳”等，则是《绿衣》第三、四章意。
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