三生杜牧，十里扬州，前事休说(1)
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外公死了近三年。更多小说ltxsba.com坟在高高的山上，幽闭的山区。下葬那天我去过，在山下为他送行。后来的两年，清明冬至都没有去，只是默然的，在心底遥寄心香一束。
现在想起来，那天仿佛有雨。一切像极杜牧的诗——
清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。
借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。
只是那个牧童，已经长大了。
这首诗亦是外公教的。小时候有一本画册，一面是诗，一面是画，画上是杨柳轻曳，细雨霏霏，一个人，青衫落拓，向一个牧童问路。牛背上的牧童正在吹笛，扬手一指远处杏花掩映的村落，倒是满脸喜气。眼见得还是未经人世，不识忧患的好，天地一萧萧的时候，独他平然喜乐，心中仍是一曲村歌，流漫于阡陌间。人世也是这样婉转清亮。顺着他的手，再看那个文人，形容瘦损，黯黯的。许是刚上坟回来，还未解得愁绪。一老一少，一悲一喜，霎然生动，虽是画工拙劣，却也抵得过了。
这首诗大好，似一副绝好的白描画，于通俗平易间，带出一抹伤春悲逝的绮思柔情。这样一首好诗，在《樊川诗集》、《别集》中却没有收录，《全唐诗》中也不见它的踪影，因此有人说这不是杜牧的作品。在我看来，这当然应该是他的作品，不然多可惜。即使是在烟波浩淼的诗海里，能找到这样既可以是诗、是词、是曲，也可以是小说的佳作也不多。这首诗如同惶惑幽深的时间，有无限的可伸展性。
清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。（诗）
清明时节雨，纷纷路上行人，欲断魂。借问酒家何处，有牧童遥指，杏花村。（词）
［清明时节］雨［纷纷］，路上、行人，［欲断魂］。借问：“酒家何处？”［有牧童］遥指——“杏花村”。（元曲）
甚至，可看做一部小说，它具备了小说的各个元素：时间、地点、人物，故事的发生、发展，至于结局，一句“遥指杏花村”，更是有无限的想象空间在。其实诗词画都是一样，有时候太满了反而不妙，要懂得适当的留白才是高手。
童年的印象使这样的男子成了我印象中落魄文人的标准像。后来很多年，我都以为画中这个人就是杜牧，即使后来知道他是世家公子也一样。其实京兆杜氏自魏晋以来就是名门世族。他祖父杜佑是中唐宰相，有名的史学家，所撰《通典》一书，开典章制度专史的先河。他自己也是少年才子，二十三岁即作传世名篇《阿房宫赋》，应该是很得意的了。然而随着祖父和父亲的相继去世，仕途开始变得坎坷不平。他一直做着小官，几乎有十年，他是蹉跎在扬州，迷醉在二十四桥的青楼明月间了。
我总在想，如果没有白居易的词“江南好，最忆是杭州”，没有苏轼的诗“若把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹两相宜”，没有历代文人香词艳赋的粉饰，杭州会不会如此地芳名遐迩。
扬州也是一样。当年隋炀帝为了观琼花，开凿了一条大运河，扬州的繁华旖旎随着琼花的芬芳传遍天下，从此后是“腰缠十万贯、骑鹤下扬州”的销金窟，是“天下三分明月夜，二分明月在扬州”的锦绣地，是“人生只合扬州死，禅智山光好墓田”的温柔乡。
可是，若没有杜牧的诗魂相许，纵然扬州是千古名城，她还会不会如此情致婉转，缠绵得刚烈。霍霍地立在浩淼的水烟里，千年仍有自己的风骨。
杜郎，我和那些扬州的女子一样，唤杜牧为“杜郎”。杜郎的扬州既有“春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如”的绮丽多情，也有“二十四桥明月夜，玉人何处教吹箫”的惆怅伤惋。
写扬州的月夜，再没有人写过他。千载，有多少人从他这里偷了意去，数不清。“二十四桥仍在，波心荡、冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生。”姜夔直接将他的诗写进了词里，怪不得王国维批姜夔写的隔，又说：“古今词人格调之高，无如白石，惜不于意境上用力，故无言外之味，弦外之响。终落第二手。”评的实在到位真切。
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