第二四五章 秋闱之同考官
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间如白驹过隙，转眼到了七月下，还有不到半个月，了。龙腾小说ltxsba.com
各府的士子纷纷涌入杭州，省城内的客栈旅店，纷纷涨价几倍，却仍然无论近远贵贱，一概爆满。就这样，还有许多考生要借宿在民居内，当然价钱只贵不贱。
这时候走在街上，满眼都是戴方巾，穿直的读书人，要是不会说官话，话里不带‘之乎者也’，你都不好意思开口说话。一时间满城拽文，酸气熏天，吃饺子都不用醋哉。
这时候举行的文会，规模自然大了很多，也有一些曾经取得极高名次的老前辈，会应巡抚、提学之邀，来登台授课，听课士子竟达前人之多，蔚为壮观。
当然这不是讲什么微言大义的时候，这种文会实际上是那些过来人，向考生传授经验的场所。从该如何准备赴考，到应试时的心得经验，都是深受考生欢迎的话题。
关于考试内容的讨论，自然是文会的重中之重。较之于童生试和岁考、科考，乡试的试题量和考试科目都大有拓展，许多第一次参加乡试的考生，往往不能适应其考试强度，身心崩溃，自此神神叨叨，终身再无中式希望。
所以考前一定要对考试的科目与形式充分了解，并做好完全的准备。其考试持续九天，共分三场，每场三天。其中八月初九日第一场，十二日第二场，十五日第三场。
第一场试《四书》义三道，每道二百字以上。《五经》义四道，每道三百字以上。要是答不完，允许各减一道，但也别指望会有好名次了。
第二场试论一道，三百字以上。判语五条，诰、表、内、科一道。
第三场试经、史、策五道，三百字以上。未能者，许减二道。
很显然。第一场四书五经。是为了测试考生对儒家经典地熟悉及认识程度。第二场是为了考察生员判别是非。撰写各种公文行政地能力。第三场。是为了考察生员们在古今政事方面地见识。
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这一套考试内容及规定。从洪武十七年复开科。便一直沿用至今。如果考官能严格对待三场地试卷。全面考察生员。无选拔出地举人。大都是有文化、有见识、有能力地行政人才。为了避免选出徒具文采之徒。太祖皇帝还将唐宋都十分重视地‘试帖诗’取消。明确亏定只靠应用文。不考诗词歌赋。可见太祖皇帝和刘伯温制定科举细则时。确实是想为国家选出真正地实用之才。
但可惜地是。在实际阅卷过程中。这几乎是不可能地。因为乡试阅卷是出了名地时间短。任务重。神人也不能保质保量地完成工作。
大明律规定。从八月十二头场试毕。便由主考官掣房签分卷。然后各房开始分头阅卷。而录取放榜地时间。不得晚于八月底。距开始阅卷时间不过十来日。再扣除中间酒席谈笑。真正阅卷时间不过三四日。
再加上两位主考官并不直接批卷。他们只是为六位同考官推荐上来地试卷把关。决定取与不取。所以全部地阅卷任务。都压在几位同考官身上。这在明初还勉强可以胜任。因为经过多年地战乱。人口锐减。读书人更少。比如说洪武四年。只有一千二百余人应浙江乡试。而时至今日。这个数字已经达到四千余人。
而且阅卷的工作量，不仅由试卷地数量决定，还需要看试卷的答题量。生平均在第一场要答两千两百多字，第二场三千五，第三场三千多字，三场共计近万字。
四千多万字地阅卷重任，全压在几位同考官身上，且对于这些试卷，他们必须做到字斟句酌，绝对不能像童生试与科考那样，一目十行、走马观花的批完了事。
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