第二四五章 秋闱之同考官
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因为乡试是国家的抡才大典，取中的举人便有资格做官了，其重要性便是提到国家兴亡的程度也不为过。所以为了保证阅卷质量，在公布录取名单之后，各省还需将取中举人的试卷解送到礼部复查考卷，这个步骤叫做‘磨勘’。
‘磨勘’一般由礼部会同翰林院完成，那些清贵无聊地官员们，会审阅每一份试卷，检查考官在阅卷过程中是否舞弊，以及考官阅卷是否认真，比如试卷中有错别字，语句不通等等问题，同考官是否标明了。对于同考官阅卷过程中的错漏，一经磨
，都必须进行严厉地处罚。按照规定，同考官阅卷有通篇‘句读’的，会有降一级地处罚，如果同考官‘句读’有误，则会罚俸一年。情节严重的，还会降几级，罚数年俸。那些同考官本就是些六七品地小官，谁能受得了？
在‘句读’上做文章，来让同考官们好生阅卷，这主意简直变态到极点了。因为这时候写文章是不用标点的，同考官阅卷时，必须仔细读过每一篇文章的每一句话，否则根本无法断句圈点。
所以阅卷者根本不可能一目十行，他们必须逐字逐句的阅过，不仅要注意文字通顺与否，还要给每份试卷写评语，并陈述是否荐卷的理由。
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想想吧，试卷时如此之繁多，时间是如此之紧迫，阅卷者又是如此之少，出了纰漏还要受弹劾，降级罚俸。而考试内容又是如此复杂，涉及文体如此之多，且文章又是千人百面，有平奇虚实繁简浓淡之异，同考官们纵使都是神人，也不可能保质保量的按时阅遍全部试卷。
所以经过上百年的变通之后，考官们渐渐形成了一种默契，阅卷只重头场七篇八股文，对于后面的两场，只需文字通顺，没有错别字即可。
为什么会只重八股呢？因为这是一种格式极为严格的文体，对于考官来说，比较易于把握其对错优劣。所以它能大大提高阅卷速度，便于评判试卷的合适与否，使所有试卷都能如期一一阅过，且将考官的主观因素降到最低，从而保证官吏选拔考试的严肃性与公正性。
比如说，八股文的文体规定，开篇破题只能用两句，如用两句话都没破解出题意，或虽破解出题意，所用句子却超过了两句。或破题未能扼题之旨，肖题之神；或者破题中涉及孔孟等圣贤之名，而未用代字，这篇文章便不合式，可以不取。后面的内容便可直接不看。
之下的‘承题’、‘原题’、‘起讲’、‘入题’等每一股，都有严格的格式和章法的要求，对了错了，一目了然，绝无争议。只要其中一股出了毛病，便可废黜此卷，节约了大量的时间。
基本上，通过这种完全不许动脑子的方法，便可剔除一大半的考卷。对于剩下小半全篇合式者，再看其是否做到了起承转合，文脉是否清晰，层次是否清楚。这些方面做得好，同考官便可加上批语，推荐给二位主考最后定夺。
所以，虽然其刻板程式、束缚僵化为人诟病，也确实是使考生只能亦步亦趋，不敢逾闲半步。但正因为其对起、承、转、合，都有着严格的规定，甚至在字数和句数上也有严格的规定，这才使同考官可以一目了然的检校每份试卷，大大节省了主观思考的时间，提高了阅卷效率，且增加了阅卷的客观性，将考官的主观因素降到最低，从而最大限度的保证了考生的权益，使真正优秀者可以可以获取功名。乃是在这个时代里，最客观，最公正的取才之道……
如何写好八股文，那是需要经年累月的苦读，千锤百炼的训练才行，现在这时候再想提高水平，已经太晚了。在这种时候，前辈名师们主要是向考生传授写作中应该避免的问题，诸如需回避御名庙讳，不许自叙门地之类，总要避免这些大意失荆州才是。
总体来说，乡试要比之前的任何一道考试都要严格许多，但也有不严格的，那就是对考生的字体要求不高。因为所有的考卷都会被专人写成一样的字迹，只要你把字写清楚了，就不会影响成绩，会试也是如此。
但这并不意味着一笔端庄好字没用了，因为在殿试时，将采用现场阅卷的方式，不必写，只要字写不好，就别想进二甲，入翰林了，你说一笔好字重要不重要？
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