第28节：人生文学与历史(3)
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
我们常常说中华民族是一个同化力非常强的民族，到目前为止，的确如此；我们可以看到，历史上有好几次，凡是侵略中国的民族，最
后都被中国同化。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com好比说最早的北魏，孝文帝拓跋宏的时候，他变法
革新，采取中国的方法治理国家。又好比满清，走的是拓跋宏同一的路。这两次外族对中国最大的侵略，最后都是中华民族得到胜利。不过我们应该注意到，他们最后固然都吸收了中国文化，继承了中国文化，但是吸收的却是中国文化中最糟的部分，所以结局也只好最糟。吸收中国文化的结局，并没有使他们的民族更强大，反而使他们的民族和我们中华民族，共同堕落。例如北魏皇帝拓跋宏宣布鲜卑人不能讲鲜卑话，一律都要讲中国话，而且要改成中国姓氏，然后更采用了中国封建制度和宫廷制度，更采用了中国士大夫门第和门阀制度，这些是北魏以前没有的。他们原来是荒原上的游牧民族，心胸开阔，尊卑之间的距离，也非常微弱，而现在却用人力加以破坏。
听众：请问什么叫廷杖？
廷杖就是打屁股（笑声），四个宦官把趴在地上官员的四肢，伸展开拴起来，然后用麻袋把头套住，由两个宦官按住大腿。当皇帝宣布廷杖一百时，那么就打一百。通常廷杖不能超过一百，假如超过一百，就会死于杖下。那些执行廷杖的帮凶，会察言观色，假如皇帝只是恨你，并没有杀你的意思，那么打一两百下也不会致命。假如皇帝一定要置你于死地的话，那么三四十下也可以把你打死。普通情形下，官员或小民在接受廷杖时，往往用行贿的方法，施刑时听起来声音很大，看起来很痛，但不至于死，即使血肉横飞，也不至于伤到筋骨，也就是说光是痛，不会毙命。他们这些人都受过训练，他可以用一张纸包满稻草，一直打到稻草都碎了，纸却不破。这是一种残忍的刑罚，可以把你打得表皮看不出伤痕，而事实上里面的筋骨都已经断了。在廷杖制度下，人性尊严完全被摧残。十四十五世纪，欧洲已是文艺复兴时代，中国却在实行廷杖，使人叹息。
我们再回来讲刚才的主题，蒙古是一个非常奇怪的民族，侵入中国之后，对中国文化，采取抗拒态度。九十年之前，他们怎样来到中国，九十年之后，也怎样地离开中国。对中国文化，没有受到一点感染。满清政府建立之后，继承的是中国大黑暗时代明王朝政治制度
和社会结构，对新的政权，有一种腐蚀作用。以致清王朝虽有那么强
大的武力，但经过一百年的政治腐蚀，到了最后，一发不可收拾。人权观念被这种悠久的封建制度、封建社会、封建势力，一天天地摧残，简直几乎泯灭，对中国人的影响太大了。中国人的自尊心没有办法保留完整，假如说有保留的话，也只有如鲁迅先生说的阿q精神，那就是只好在情绪上满足自己，而不能在真正内心上获得充实。我想情绪上的满足和内心上的充实，是不一样的。举个例子来说，我到你家里拜访，看到你的房子这么漂亮，主人学问这么高，我佩服你，羡慕你，回去之后我会想，我要努力工作，有一天我要像你一样，有那么好的学问，住那么好的房子。假如我走出房子就说，住那么好的房子，谁知道他的钱是偷来的还是抢来的，希望他明天就一场大火，烧个净光（笑声）。我们民族心理上长期受到压制，只好用这种情绪，使自己平衡。
[记住网址龙腾小说ltxsba.com]
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