第29节:人生文学与历史(4)
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第二点要报告的是,中国五千年历史,只有三个黄金时代,第一个黄金时代是春秋战国,那时候各式各样的思想、各式各样生活方式,同时并行。龙腾小说ltxsba.com第二个黄金时代应该在唐王朝,唐太宗李世民大帝的贞观之治,到唐明皇李隆基在位中期,不过一百年左右。第三个黄金时代,应是十七世纪六十年代到十八世纪六十年代清王朝中叶。中国五千年历史里,只有这三个黄金时代。其他的四千余年呢,几乎每一年,甚至每一天,都有战争。西方有位学者,曾经做过一个统计,证实人类自有历史以来,每年都有战争。这种现象在中国历史上,更是一样。我自己也曾做过这种统计,而且写了一部《中国历代战乱编年史》初稿,发现中国历史上也每年都有战争。但以中国为单位统计和以世界为单位统计,意义完全不一样,因为世界地方太大,中国和世界比较,中国就太小了。尤其是中国版图到明王朝的时候,跟公元前二世纪秦王朝大小一样,比现在的版图,要小一半。
在这么小的版图里,如果每年都有战争,而且还只是有记载的战争,没有记载的战争,还不在我们统计的范围,可看出中国的动乱非常可怕。一个王朝取代另外一个王朝过渡期间的大混乱,总有三五十年,由政权的夺取到政权的安定,又要二十年左右。然后政权再腐败,反抗力量再起,大混战重新到来,陷入治乱相迭的恶性循环。中国人可以说是长期地、甚至永远地生长在贪污、混乱、战争、杀戮、贫穷里面,因之中国人始终没有安全感,总是觉得惶惶不安。我们有这么悠久的历史,又有这么大的国土,中国人的心胸应该磅礴四海,非常开朗才对,只因为长期的贫穷、杀戮、忌猜,使得我们心胸,反而十分狭窄。只求今天能过得去就可以了,明天的事情怎么发生,我不知道,战争要绵延到什么程度,我也不知道。战争影响水利,水利工程被破坏之后,接着来的是大旱灾,旱灾之后,又是大蝗灾,这样的旱灾、水灾、蝗灾,赤地千里。在历史上,“人相食”三个字,不知道出现过几十次几百次。我们认为我们是高级文明的民族,怎么会发生这种人吃人的野蛮行为呢?实在是我们的灾难太多了,而且患难也太久了。不必说国家民族,就个人来说,一个人如果贫穷太久,苦难受得太多,他对任何事情都会发生一种不信任的心理反应。我坐牢要出来的前几天,一个官员叫我,告诉我说:“报告一个好消息,你要出去了。”我说:“吃什么豆腐!”(笑声)那官员说:“你为什么不相信呢?我能骗你吗?”我要求他拿证明给我看,因为我相信的太多了,受到的欺骗也太多了,每一次都失望。一个在患难中太久的人,他就有不相信好消息的权利(笑声)。一个民族也是一样,太久的折磨,人们认为,一个新王朝来了之后,就可以怎么样怎么样,结果几乎没有一次不落空。有人问中国为什么没有伟大的建筑,而外国有呢?那是因为中国的建筑是用木料做的,它会腐烂掉。我认为这不是原因,原因是,一个新的王朝兴起之后,就会用一把火把它烧掉(笑声)。秦王朝留下来那么好的阿房宫,可是项羽认为那是民脂民膏,那是暴政,所以放了一把火。等过几天呢,他自己也盖了一个(笑声)。再过几天呢,又来了另外一批人,又说你这是民脂民膏,是暴政,又把它烧掉。这种不成熟的情绪,就足以造成长期的贫穷,使中国人的自尊心没有办法建立,中国人的心胸没有办法开阔。有一句格言说,多难兴邦(笑声),我们先要了解,格言都是情绪的,在某一种特定的条件之下,它才是真理,它不是科学的。“难”如果太多,就没办法兴邦(笑声)。对格言一定要有认识,譬如说,“哀兵必胜”,那可不见得,“哀兵”失败的很多。一支大军最后被消灭,哪一个不是“哀兵”(笑声)。像迦太基对抗罗马,到最后几乎全国皆兵,可以说是一面哭一面打,最后还是被罗马消灭了。“哀兵”不见得获胜,“多难”也不见得兴邦,而是说,“多难”必须恰到好处的时候,才能兴邦(笑声)。而中国呢,就是太“多难”了,所幸“多难”还未多到把我们消灭的程度,但是已经多到使我们失去灵性。
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