第十二章 大建设（四）
最新网址：m.ltxsdz.com
5月1日。龙腾小说网ltxsba.com炼钢车间。
“点火！”马甲看着熔炼炉内一字排开的5个石墨坩埚，气定神闲地下令。
熔炼炉刚刚建成、烘干没几天，马甲就急不可耐地进行了炼钢车间的第一次炼钢，而此时图纸上的蓄热室、管道、烟囱、鼓风机等设施还没影呢。几个移民苦力使劲推拉着木匠临时赶做出来的人力风箱，从投料口往炉内鼓风，旁边有人随时替换。
熔炼炉内摆放了5个50#坩埚，原料为废铁、废钢和石灰，使用无烟煤（白煤）燃烧加热。随着煤炭的燃烧，炉内逐渐升温，火焰颜色开始由一开始的暗红色慢慢转为橘红色。
“火焰转为橘红色，说明现在炉内温度已经接近1000度。”马甲趁机向身后一帮人开始传授知识，就连瑞士铁匠皮埃尔也凑在边上似懂非懂地听着，然后惊奇地看着炉内。
此时蓄热室还没有建成使用，加热熔化的过程比较缓慢。差不多过去了一个小时，此时坩埚内的废铁、废钢已经熔化了很大一部分，熔化的铁水开始有些沸腾，且不时冒出缕缕蓝色的火焰，这是反应生成的一氧化碳在燃烧。
“打开炉门。”又过了一会，马甲开口道。
两名穿越众上前打开了耐火砖制成的炉门，一股几乎将人烤焦的热浪扑面而来。马甲拿了根长勺，将浮在坩埚内铁水表面的夹渣捞出。
“这些炉渣的主要成分是磷酸钙和硫化钙，是由铁水里的磷、硫与石灰反应生成的。”马甲指了指扔在水里的炉渣，道：“铁水里的磷和硫不除掉，会极大地影响铁的质地，会使铁变脆。”
随后他又拿起一根长钢钎在每个坩埚内使劲搅拌，搅拌完了后随即命令关上炉门，然后对着众人道：“搅拌能加快铁水的脱碳反应，使铁里面的碳更容易与氧气结合生成一氧化碳燃烧掉。”
看看还有段时间，马甲干脆和众人讲了讲生铁、熟铁和钢的区别，又讲了讲炼钢需要注意的事项。现场教学完毕后，马甲估摸着从点火倒现在过去两个多小时了，便走到观火孔旁朝里观察，随后又打开炉门捞了回夹渣看了看，便吩咐道：“可以了，把坩埚一个个钳出来，小心点。”
很快，10名穿越众两人一组，拿着坩埚钳将石墨坩埚小心地钳了出来，然后将钢水倒入各个早已制作好的模槽中。然后紧接着又有人往模槽中的钢水表面铺上一层石灰，石灰上又铺上一层木炭，防止钢水氧化。
一个坩埚一次可炼钢43公斤，5个坩埚就是200多公斤，有了这些优质高碳钢水，很多困难都迎刃而解。比如生产锻锤、钻头、齿轮、刀具甚至铠甲这些大量需求优质高碳钢的产品顿时有了着落。
彭志成、王启年听说马甲这边出钢了，带着来自瑞士的枪匠、铸炮匠外加“翻译”高摩赶了过来。几名老外看着炼钢用的坩埚，又看了看边上已经冷却下来的钢锭，一脸惊奇。此时的欧洲，还没有办法炼出液态钢水，使用石墨坩埚炼钢也是100多年后的事情了。
“这钢能用来铸炮吗？”彭志成问，高摩随即用法语问几名枪炮匠。
“理论上来说没问题。钢能够比铸铁承受更大的膛压，同等威力下，可以将炮身做的更轻。”炮匠弗朗索瓦仍沉浸在坩埚炼出钢水的“奇迹”中，不过对于这个问题的回答是毫不犹豫的。
“我们现在需要什么炮？”马甲问道，“这次炼的钢含碳量也没法测量，不过我估计肯定是在1%以上的。延展性虽然不如铜，但是成本也低啊。对了，一门炮要用多少钢？”
“这个要看多重了。”王启年回答道，“小口径、短身管野战炮还好说，重型攻城炮、要塞炮、舰炮就难说了，一吨到几吨的都有。不过这是铸铁炮和铜炮的重量，钢炮我不知道。”
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