第四百七十章 金融威胁
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一听这话,易知足便知道卓秉恬的意思,朝廷想发行纸币,当即便笃定的道:“不是!英镑是英吉利最大的银行——英格兰银行依据储备的黄金数量来发行的,也正是因为这个原因,英镑才有足够的信用保证。”
“那元奇能够发行纸币吗?”这是道光问的,声音不大,易知足却是暗自警惕,连忙道:“元奇没有发行纸币的能力,因为没有足够的黄金储备,也没有相应的发行纸币的技术能力,纸币一旦被仿制,银行就面临着倒闭和破产。”
杜受田不解的道:“为什么是黄金储备?大清流通的可是白银。”
“随着白银开采技术的提高和产量的增加,白银作为货币,迟早会被淘汰退出流通。”易知足道:“这一点从金银的兑换比逐步提高就可以预测到,如今的金银兑换比是16比1,再过二十年,可能会达到20比1,以后甚至能达到40比1。
若是以白银为储备发行货币,随着白银的不断贬值,货币也会随着贬值,一旦白银退出流通,货币也就成了废纸,所以,要发行纸钞,必须以黄金为储备,西洋有句话,货币天然不是黄金,但黄金天然是货币。”
发行纸币要以黄金为储备?大清的黄金储备可是少的可怜,道光心里暗自唏嘘,大清的黄金产量实在是太少,一年不过区区数千两,根本就是入不敷出,当年乾隆为了纪念生母要造一座金发塔,广储司的存金连一千两都不到,为此熔了不少金器,才凑齐二千多两黄金,看来以后的加大金矿的勘探和开采力度。
道光心里郁闷,卓秉恬却道:“大清金少银多,市面上根本见不到黄金流通,如何储备?”
听的这话,易知足不以为意的笑了笑,道:“咱大清疆域辽阔,岂会少了金矿?四川、云南的金沙金矿、山东的玲珑金矿、湖南的矿金金矿、辽东和蒙古也不乏金矿,只要朝廷加大勘探和开采力度,黄金产量自然能够大幅提高。
当然,仅靠国内开采是不够的,还须的去国外掠夺,倭国、南洋、非洲、澳洲、美洲,都有不少金矿,派兵去抢,去开采。”
他这话说的云淡风轻,王鼎、卓秉恬等几人却都以异样的眼光看着他,这是白日做梦还是怎么的?难不成是打安南强占鸿基煤矿尝到了甜头?这倭国、南洋也就罢了,毕竟就在大清边上,非洲、澳洲、美洲,也能去抢?
道光缓缓的呷了口茶,元奇将二千万欠债转为无期国债,仿佛是搬开了压在他心头的一块大石,让他轻松不少,不过,这分轻松转瞬即逝,易知足所言,西洋银行登陆大清将带来极大的潜在危险让他忧心不已。
稍稍值得欣慰的是,元奇不再扩张,而是将主要精力转移到抵抗西洋银行的金融入侵,并且希望各省尽快垄断钱业,至于纸钞,他没做多想,别说黄金储备,就是白银储备朝廷也没有,拿什么发行纸钞?况且,如今他要操心的事情实在是太多,根本没有精力顾及这事。
对他而言,如何增加朝廷的收入,尽快还清欠债,才是当务之急,他不能给子孙留下一个烂摊子,不希望他的继任者象他一样,御极之初就焦头烂额。至于元奇,没了元奇团练,也不至于对朝廷构成威胁。
放下茶杯,他才开口道:“即便是将二千万欠债转为无期国债,朝廷也还有一千万的五年期国债,连本带利,朝廷一年要额外开支四百余万,况且,如今朝廷还要筹建海军,依然是入不敷出的局面。”
见道光将话题绕了回来,祁寯藻坚持己见,“皇上,与英吉利一战,朝廷耗费甚大,河南决堤,耗费河工银亦高达六百余万,微臣恳祈特开大捐。”
王鼎却是尤其反对特开大捐,他也清楚,道光之所以如此问,也是心存犹豫,希望从易知足身上找到妥善的长期的能够解决财政危机的办法,当即便沉声道:“特开大捐,乃是以弊为活,非万不得已,不开大捐!”
易知足反对改币,但不反对捐纳,而且他很清楚,朝廷目前根本不可能杜绝捐纳,要知道朝廷每年的常例捐收入有四百万两白银,以大清目前的处境根本不可能免除。
对于特开大捐,他同样不反对,见道光满是征询的目光看向他,略微沉吟,他才开口道:“微臣窃以为,特开大捐,亦是一种筹集资金的方法,听闻川楚白莲教大起义时,开设的川楚善后筹备事例,一次收捐银三千万两?”
王鼎瞪了他一眼,不满的道:“那次因为多年未开大捐,所以捐纳踊跃,但其后数十年,接连十数次开大捐,即便是一块上等肥田,一茬接一茬的种,肥力也消耗殆尽了。”
听的这话,易知足顿时明白是自个想错了,目前这情形,再想一次大捐收银三千万是根本不可能的事情,嘉庆帝收割的太厉害,已经把一块肥田变成瘦田了,难怪的道光迟迟没开大捐。
略微沉吟,他才开口道:“无期国债,元奇从中担保,或许会有不小的吸引力,另外,还可以发行彩票债券,一旦各省钱业完成垄断,朝廷还可以发行财政债券。”
道光听的眼睛都亮了,连忙问道:“彩票债券是怎么回事?”
王鼎、卓秉恬、祁寯藻、杜受田四人也是精神一振,他们感觉棘手无比,束手无策的事情,易知足居然一连说了三种办法,都说这小子学贯中西,果真是不简单。
易知足缓声道:“彩票债券,实质上就是利用人们参与赌博获取利润的投机心理来发行债券,筹集资金。”
一直到下午三点,易知足才走出圆明园大宫门,心里长舒了一口气,今儿觐见虽然气氛宽松,不是君臣奏对的格局,但却比昨天更累,感觉就象是一场车轮战,王鼎、卓秉恬、祁寯藻、杜受田四人对于金融都一窍不通,轮番上阵发问,令他应接不暇。
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