第七百三十九章 推行新学
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易知足如此好说话,曾国藩是暗松了口气,绵愉、肃顺则是大感意外,房间里的气氛也随即轻松起来,绵愉含笑道:“国家进退人才,唯名与器,朝廷若能给予各省新学每年五十举额,已远胜科举,朝野上下对于新学必趋之若鹜,如此一来,怕是对于科举冲击太大......。”
什么意思?真当他好说话,这各省新学举额还想一降再降不成?易知足缓缓扫了三人一眼,沉声道:“新学昌盛,对于科举造成冲击,这是必然,朝廷需要考虑的不是平衡科举与新学,而是如何完美的将科举与新学合二为一。
如今新学稍有基础的也就广州、上海两地,往大了说,也就广东和江苏两省,东南其他各省不过也才是刚起步,新学培养人才,也并非是速成,至少需要十余年,如此长的时间,还不足以让朝廷进行有效的整合?”
听的他语气不善,绵愉哪里还敢得寸进尺,当即颌首道:“还是国城思虑长远,科举与新学,皆是为国储才选才,确实应该进行有效整合。”
曾国藩听的暗暗点头,要想不废除科举,将科举与新学合二为一或许是唯一的法子,对方能提出这个建议,看来确实是没有废除科举的意思,略微沉吟,他才开口道:“关于科举革新,废除八股文,增考历史、地理,镇海公可有具体的建议?诸如史地教材......。”
“科举考试教材以及科目,历来都是官定,朝廷召集鸿学大儒编辑校定即可。”易知足缓声道:“大清如今正在逐步敞开国门,融入世界,我大清士绅不能再坐井观天,只知中国,不知世界,他们也必须了解世界,不论历史还是地理,都应该分为本国与世界两部分,世界部分可以组织一些留学生进行进行收集和编辑教材。”
“镇海公所言极是。”曾国藩心里暗自叹服,接着又道:“关于地理,仅是单纯的山川河流,地理形胜,行政划分?”
易知足笑了笑,道:“地理既然能单独做为一个科目,岂能如此简单,总的来说,地理包括自然地理、人文地理、经济地理。包括地貌、气候、水文、土壤、植物、动物等等诸多方面,你们寻找从普鲁士归国的留学生......。”
如此繁杂?曾国藩皱了下眉头,“仅是编撰教材,怕是都得花费十余年之久......。”
“这不是一蹴而就之事,再则,地理学也会不断的发展完善,先从本国地理着手,我国历代也不乏地理学家,不乏地理著作。”易知足如数家珍一般,“郦道元、沈括、徐霞客、张衡、徐光启等都留有地理著作。”
这确实不是一蹴而就的事,曾国藩心里暗忖,回京之后一定要奏请将编撰教材一事定在上海,至少地理必须定在上海。
次日上午,咸丰明发上谕,立国育才,所关至大,新学不倡,国家不兴,为积极推行新学,鼓励各省兴学堂,倡新学,朝廷特颁布《各学堂奖励章程》,施行新学以科名奖励制度,各省大学堂每年奖予举额,中等省份奖以五十举额,高等及其同等程度学堂奖予贡额、生额,数额视学堂规模而定。
这道上谕一颁发,立即在京师引起轰动,一时间电报频传,大江南北各省大小报纸纷纷刊发号外及时进行报道,朝野上下一片轰动!
科举三年一试,生员、举人的数额都有定数,一般大省,乡试举额也不过一百,平均下来,一年不过三十左右,中等省份举额只有七八十,一年不过二三十,这新学倒好,中等省份的举额直接就定为五十!而且这个定额还是专门给新学堂的!这显然已远远超过正常的科举定额!
明摆着的,朝廷对于新学的重视远远超过科举,这让大清所有的百姓都看到了一条博取功名的捷径,至少在目前来说,是一条捷径!
东南各省登时为之沸腾,原本门可罗雀新学堂立刻就被围的水泄不通,争抢着报名入学,因为新学堂实行的是免费入学,免费教育制度,不论是士绅富户商贾还是寒门小户,只要是家中有符合入学条件的孩子都纷纷赶往新学堂报名。
元奇固然在推行新式教育方面不遗余力,也舍得投银子,但最大的瓶颈却是师资,因为师资严重不足,东南各省都只在县一级开办新式学堂,而且是一县一所,随着消息传开,县城附近百姓也纷纷带着适龄孩童涌入县城,人满为患,各府县新学堂纷纷发电告急。
上海,镇海公府,荷园,听雨轩。
听雨轩坐落在湖畔,是一栋二层小楼,一楼前面是院子后面则是向湖面延伸的一个平台,十分适合观景,恭亲王奕訢、惠亲王绵愉、怡亲王载垣、醇郡王奕枻、军机大臣肃顺、文祥以及曾国藩等一众人或坐或立散漫的在平台上赏景闲谈。
易知足在赵烈文的陪同下缓步踱了过来,一众人见他进来,纷纷迎了上来,拱手见礼,“诸位都可算是旧识故交,今日这场合就无须拘礼,大家随意就好。”
听的这话,绵愉笑呵呵的道:“这提议好,私下场合没必要拘礼,大家可以畅所欲言。”
“诸位随意。”易知足笑着踱到围栏边,依栏而坐,今日天气有些阴,没有太阳,他选择在这里见众人,倒不是因为清净,而是因为这里开阔,一行人有几杆老烟枪,呆在房间里着实是不合适。
见的易知足选择在靠湖的围栏边落座,一众人想拘礼也是拘不成,索性的分散随意而坐,奕訢率先开口道:“读万卷书不如行万里路,古人诚不欺我,此番出访西洋,周游列国,不仅是大开眼界,也让咱们意识到我大清与西洋列国的巨大差距......。”
易知足颌首道:“出访西洋使团能够清楚看到大清与西洋各国之间的巨大差距,元奇这番心思就没白费。”
醇郡王奕枻笑道:“国城兄倡议朝廷组建大规模使团出访西洋,目的就是让朝廷认识到大清与西洋各国的差距?”
“人比人得死,货比货得扔,凡事都怕对比。”易知足缓声道:“大清遭遇了两次西洋入侵的危机,最终都化险为夷,朝野上下一片欢腾的时候,或许就我最清楚,大清将面临更大的危机。
这次英法西荷四国入侵,得以大胜纯属侥幸,若不是南洋海军舰队装备了新式后装线膛炮,有实力封锁渤海口,这一战,纵使津京陆战能胜,战争也必然旷日持久。
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