第111章 根源
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徐平把这话说破才是真的让很多人抬不起头来,这个年代,凡是有官员提出要改变某种制度,最喜欢说的一句话就是“民不加赋而用自足”,听起来真是利国利民。实际情况则是不加赋而转交给商人豪强之手,比加赋为害更烈。道理很简单,官府经营哪怕是没有利润甚至是稍微赔钱为了民生也会经营下去,而没了利润哪个商人会干?官府加赋自然会有地方豪强向下层民户转移,可豪强一样会与商人勾结起来获取厚利。
做的是同样的事情,官府还有规模优势,还有诸多的行政资源可用,成本只会比商人更低,凭什么转交给商人小民就会得利?
如果是一些琐碎的小规模商业行为,确实是更适合商贾经营。可像这个年代的茶业这种行业,规模大,商业行为单一,就没有那个道理。
之所以出现如今的局面,还是跟整个大的环境有关。五代时期,官吏不分,做官的往往就是小吏出身,对行政事务的各个环节都熟悉无比。再加上那时候征战不断,各国都是穷尽国力养兵,每一个利润环节国家都恨不得抓在自己手里。两者加起来,就是暴利行业基本都掌握在了国家手中,某种程度上到了古代社会的极致,整个社会也处于紧张状态。
自宋立国,这些行政财政制度改变不大,初期也并没有问题。那时候的能臣,比如赵普,比如陈恕,也基本都是出身小吏,对这整套系统能够驾驭得住。
但自太宗之后,官吏分离,官员越来越不熟悉具体事务,越来越觉得有心无力。
当时为什么实行沿边入中,要借助商贾的力量?看看官员们列出的原因就清楚,小吏难制,成本太高。茶盐这些物资,官府的运输成本竟然比私人还高。为什么?下面做事的小吏使坏,动不动就船坏了,货沉了。还不断地向这些货里加泥沙,如果离得原产地远一点,盐简直就没有咸味了。
而另一方面,销售不畅,动不动就错过了销售季节,官场里的货物堆积如山卖不出去,只能报废,要么就强行推派下去。可偏偏民间缺货厉害,就是无法产销两旺。
知道有这些问题,官员们却不知道为什么会有这些问题,无从下手。最后只能是借助社会力量来解决官员能力不足的问题,形成恶性循环。
知道有问题,却不知道怎么解决问题,是慢慢成长起来的新一代官员的通病。于是越发崇尚空谈,越发看不起能做事的官员,开口就是三代之治,一做事就一塌糊涂。挑毛病那是天下无双,让他们把事情做好那就一筹莫展。
吕夷简这一代算是最后的还能兼具吏才的官员,徐平算是抓住了一个尾巴,如果再过二三十年,徐平只怕是连在这里侃侃而谈的机会都没有。
小吏有小吏的毛病,他们只注重眼前蝇头小利,如果用小吏治国,整个社会只怕也会民不聊生。官与吏本该是相辅相成,整个社会才会平稳发展。这样就要求官员要兼具吏才,不一定要能够比小吏们做得更好,但对具体事务最少要懂,能看出各种门道。
徐平对诗赋经论不熟,愿意埋下身子做事,这是他比其他官员强的地方。
指着旁边几笼的邕州茶,徐平高声道:“刚才说过,邕州去年以一州之地,官府得茶利二十八万贯。同样是茶,为何有这么大的区别?”
张士逊摇头道:“邕州那里产茶,只管发卖,不用像东南茶场一样,还要考虑陕西沿边粮草。徐平,两年事分开来说,万莫混为一谈!”
徐平看看张士逊,点点头:“张相公说的不错,东南茶利供应陕西粮草。可刚才已经说过了,陕西并没有粮草进入,那茶利哪里去了?而且,邕州一州之地,此时禁军厢军加起来也有近两万人,蔗糖务更是已经超过了十万人,需求的粮草也不比陕西少多少!”
从去年开始,邕州便开始增兵,比徐平在的时候多了一倍还多。徐平能够动用蔗糖务的乡兵,并不表示别人也可以让这一套系统运转无碍。实际上按照庞籍等人的建议,邕谅路还要增兵一万,才能够保证不断地向外开拓。
邕州那里,早已不是徐平在的时候那个边远小州了。
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