第8章 大道佐君王
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以前在三司,徐平所进行的制度更改,只要讲清楚利弊,说服了宰相,宰相们自然会把那些制度措施纳入到统治体系当中。现在自己做宰相,自己来把关,那么每项制度更改都要跟意识形态挂钩,符合意识形态,不然就会引起无数的争吵。
前世学历史,讲历史上的改革,都会列出一个改革派,一个保守派。改革成功,便就是改革是大势所趋,无可阻挡。改革如果失败了,则就是反动力量太强,扼杀了改革。改革者永远是好的,保守派就是反动派,是坏的。
真是如此吗?徐平自己来当这个改革者了,可不敢这样想。把反对者当成反动派,使用激烈的手段来消灭,只能激化矛盾,形成党争。最终不但改革会失败,还可能引起国家的动荡,出现无法收拾的局面,遗祸后人。
确切地说,改革中的革命派和保守派都是对的,也都是错的。他们都有对的一面,因为不全面,也都有错误的一面。最坏的情况,就是激烈对立,为了丑化对方,把对的一面都扔掉。几个来回,好的全都没有了,坏的全都保存下来,大家一起灭亡。
只有充分地认识到自己的局限性,与反对者不断地调和,寻找出最合适的道路,才能够改革成功。一切都讲不是东风压倒西风,就是西风压倒东风,改革者与反对者是无可调和的斗争,无助于事情的解决。改革主持者当高屋建瓴,总揽全局。
历史上的王安石变法,便就是惨痛的教训。那场动荡离着这个年代并不遥远,保守派的主角司马光已经出仕,改革派的主角王安石就在本科的举子之中,是因为父亲去世守丧才耽误几年。因为王安石格外出色,还有几位大臣特意向徐平提起过。
讲王安石变法,一种是把一方看成君子,另一方看成小人,是君子小人之争。另一种是把两派按阶级划分,保守派代表了大官僚大地主阶级,而改革派代表了寒门小地主。
君子小人之争自然不值一驳,把地主阶级之中再划阶级,也同样毫无道理。地主不管是大是小,同样都是剥削阶级,只有地主阶级、自耕自食的小自耕农和被剥削压迫的雇农之分,同一个阶级内,没有阶级矛盾。实际历史上的情况是,很多父子兄弟就是分属新旧两党的,新旧两党中很多对立的人就是出自同一个家庭,牵扯其中的很多人是亲戚。
徐平前世位于社会下层,见多了小工厂小业主,他从来没有感觉出来小工厂主对雇佣工人就更温柔,更体贴。认为小地主就会偏向农民一边,实在是想多了。
新旧两党不死不休,斗争激烈程度成了历史上的奇景,很大程度是涉及到了意识形态之争。这种斗争无法调和,伴随了两宋二百余年,在外部压力下最终没有获得新生。
意识形态不是只有阶级斗争,作为社会的上层建筑,只要有政权,就有意识形态。政权的每一项行政措施,都要受到意识形态的影响,图方便随便施为,最终会受到反噬。
宰相为什么如此重要,受天下之望,影响整个国家的兴衰?因为这个位子,不仅仅是涉及到具体施政,还要主持意识形态,所谓以大道佐君王是也。
如果仅仅是守成,并不需要宰相如此,但要改革,则就先要理清楚意识形态。
赵祯要改革,让徐平来做宰相。徐平没有过多推辞,便就做了。
今天找徐平来,说过了几件具体政事,赵祯就是要问问徐平的道是什么。认可了,改革将迅速开始。徐平的道让他越坚信,则支持的力度越强,让他将信将疑,改革就会犹豫。
徐平接了拜相的诏书,天下都知道要行新政,外面拥戴自己的少壮派文臣更是眼巴巴地在看着。接下了这个场面,徐平就是明确地知道自己要做什么,怎么做。宰相以大道佐君王,徐平清楚地知道自己的道是什么,要如何来实施。
君臣互信,不是靠个人感情,靠个人感情的叫佞臣。真正被君王相信的大臣,实际上很多接触的时候并不愉快,比如真宗于寇准。徐平与赵祯私交如此,已经是难得了。
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