第33章 公事中没有我觉得
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此时政事堂里的人，对道理或有未通之处，但都知道以理治国，对徐平的话并无疑义。
章得象道：“日前圣上访进士取士，诗、赋、策、论先后。叶清臣言，查唐朝取进士旧制，先策，次论，次赋，次帖经、墨义，似较为稳妥。”
徐平道：“朝廷取进士，选贤也，通治国之理者用之。科举之制，其来有自，查其源当起自两汉察举之制。两汉为何用察举？因其以昭昭天命，大镜悬天而解民于政之惑。以天命治天下，则民间必有知天命之贤士大夫，以此查而举之，与其共治天下，此汉之朝廷不敢违天之意也。两汉其国得自天命，是以天子必孝于天，天则佑之。以廉治国，不敢欺天是也。是故汉之察举，为举孝廉，为学者不得不查。”
“董仲舒一儒生，为求进用，曲改阿附，以天命代人心，使汉借周德。汉兴于此，亦亡于此也。此天命，终是借来，借来者岂可久守也？以民声而应天命，王莽代汉，终至天下大乱。光武帝神武英资，中兴汉室，鉴王莽之祸，后汉天命不查民声，而求之谶纬。谶纬达天命，终是伪诈，以伪诈者为真则国必为人所盗。后汉末年，天下之权渐移入豪室门阀之手中也，天子仅拱手听命之木偶尔。此天命之伪，天下已历历在目，后来者再建天命已无可能。是故自隋起，执政者渐知天命不可复，终求周之真德。德散化仁义入民间，科举代察举之制，此其义也。欲以科举求世间知仁义道理之贤士大夫，以共治天下。”
“何谓周德？朝廷为天，民心为地，立制度施政治事，使朝廷达于民心。天地相合则德立，德立天下自治。不知民心则有天而无地，地若不存，天又安在？天地之间再无一物可存也。策者，论者，皆朝廷之政也。诗赋者，民之声也。帖经、墨义，古人之道理所存也。以此知之，当先策，次诗赋，次论，以帖经墨义结之。”
“为学者当知策、论、诗、赋，其来有自，非文学之谓也，实治国之道也。进士之诗赋不可只查其四六、韵律，此必拟民声而为之。是故，策以拟朝廷之政，诗赋拟民之声而应此策，论则对其论治国之理。此三者通，才可为暂通治国之理，为朝廷之选。”
这就是道理通了，一切皆通，一切制度都有一个一以贯之的理在。
用策、论、诗赋和帖经、墨义来取进士，不是考他们的文学水平，而是看他们对治国理政的理解。文学水平要求并不高，最重要的是里面反应出来对治国之理的理解，对天下胸怀的感悟如何。这就是从准备队伍开始，便就贯穿治国之理，一以贯之。不能够在这个道理之中的人，终究无法在朝廷立足，把个人的小聪明从一开始就防掉。
汉朝的天命是借来的，皇帝能够借，就能够被别人偷。前汉以民声查天命，最后就是王莽以民声而代汉，再次走到了上古的禅让制上去。王莽志大才疏，其改革最终是激起了天下大乱，光武帝刘秀才有机会光复汉室，把自己的天命抢了回来。如果王莽成功，则汉朝就变回了上古的禅让制，皇帝的世袭制早早就不存在了。
刘秀鉴于王莽代汉的教训，不再查民声，而是由谶纬中去知天命。谶纬是方士儒生们制造出来的，是一个比天命更假的东西，把假的当真的，汉室天下就被门阀世族偷走。到了东汉的末年，汉帝只是门阀世族的傀儡，没有地，那个天就是假的。
后汉不查民声，张角应势而起，得民心而成大势，天下板荡。刘备再是英资神武，也无法挽回汉失天下民心的严重后果，终于不能再兴汉室。
到了隋唐，都没有建立起完整的治国之理，制度和政策随意性很大。黄巢起兵横扫天下，平黄巢之乱的还是大唐招进来的军事集团。
从韩愈柳宗元发端，到了宋朝才真正解决这个一以贯之的治国之理，历时二三百年基本完成。只是面临着蒙古兴起，武德不修的宋朝没有顶住，最后亡于外患。
到了明朝，再一次像后汉一样，不去管宋朝儒学背后的治国之理，把那个假的儒家当作自己的天命。实际上儒学在宋朝基本没有称家，只有道学家和理学家。这个假的天命皇帝能用，别人就也能用，到了明朝后期，跟后汉大权入门阀之手一样，明朝的大权实际上已经落入了士绅和地方大族之手。没有民心，政权再是挣扎，也难以守住天下。
把历史全归入王朝更替，完全不管其背后的道理，还是神神鬼鬼。明明每个朝代各有其亡的原因，笼统地归入阶级斗争，完全不管跟这个理论不符的事例。有惑不解，疑心而生暗鬼，只能够借阶级论这尊神，来镇心中的鬼。
阶级斗争当然是社会发展兴亡的重要原因，但不能因此就认为没有其他原因了。这就跟资本主义国家有经济危机，便就固执地认为其必亡于经济危机一样。明明人家在那里好好的，盲目相信自己所相信的，闭眼我不听我不信，跟我想的不一样的都是假的。
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