第一百六十七节 小额贷款
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“上军政学校？太小了吧！”文徳嗣不解，一时间没明白吴南海说这话是什么意思。
“过几年就不小了。”吴南海脸有些红了，似乎不大想说这话，这时候叶雨茗又开始发言了，他只好把话打断了，叶雨茗现在是介绍针对小农户还有小地主的措施。
对于这个群体，天地会主要推广家畜种植技术，搞订单农业，农委会全部包销。
这种业务并不是简单的把鸡鸭之类直接发给农户，而是采用小额贷款的业务。
“这件事情我建议交给徳隆粮行来做，”叶雨茗说，“德隆要是觉得业务太业余，可以下放给农委会自己搞……”
“没事，徳隆本身是金融机构性质，搞小额贷款也是本份。”严茗说，“这样比较好，容易核算。”
他提出，在发放过程中，直接发放粮食流通券，贷款人凭粮食流通券到天地会购买若干只家禽回去饲养。这种贷款的额度很小，价值也就是五到十只鸡这种额度的小额贷款。
农户把小鸡从天地会买来，养大后，提交20个鸡蛋给天地会作为小鸡的本金和利息。然后天地会按每个鸡蛋若干流通券的价格统一收购。等蛋鸡老了，又可以卖到食品工厂做鸡肉产品。
“可以和本地的大地主们合资开小型的食品加工厂，我们提供技术，他们负责管理。下游原料由天地会控制，上游销售由商业部把持，就算这工厂是大地主们的，他们也只是个加工厂，折腾不起来的。”
叶雨茗一口气阐述完他的方案。
“这里有个流程问题。”吴南海说，“他们领取的贷款是流通券，还给农庄的是鸡蛋。可是农庄不能用鸡蛋还粮行贷款吧。”
“我看就算了吧。”文徳嗣说，“先不说这里的实物贷款和货币贷款之间如何比较的问题。你们见过贫困地区扶贫没有？先是直接发扶贫款，农民领到手就直接把钱都花光了。后来就改成发鸡、猪、羊什么的，拿回去几天就宰了吃掉了。到时候就说生病死了，你说怎么办，要不要追讨？”谁也不能保证本时空的农民就比另一个时空的农民要来得诚实守信。
“所以与其搞成贷款形式不如搞成期货的形式，先免费提供优良品种，然后和农民签合同到时候以一个协商好的价格收购，先期支付一定的定金。这样起码不会把家禽直接给吃了。另外，家禽养殖有一定的风险，家禽一旦发病就会批量死亡。容易造成农民因为还不起而破产引起怨恨。到时候影响穿越众的声誉和当地的社会安定，所以牲畜禽类的养殖应该放在后面,先把优良作物普及开以后再说。”
“这个可以说是微额贷款，我想10只以内小鸡仔，不至于把人弄破产吧？万一全死了还不起，送到劳动营里劳动一个月当还债。”叶雨茗说，“如果还怕不妥当，先让职工家属来养殖。再说免费给的一样会被人吃了然后说病死啊，”
“如果农民觉得完成合同的收益能够大于干脆把鸡吃掉，把订金喝掉，他就会好好的干了。”文徳嗣耸耸肩，“当然，某些长期贫困地区的人是不会这么想得。如果临高的百姓还是比较具有进取心的劳动人民，订单农业应该可以推行的下去――我反对搞小额贷款主要是有二个担心：一是当地老百姓未必有这个理念去借债经营；二是贷款总是容易和高利贷这些有负面影响的东西结合在一起。很难推广。”
“借贷观念的问题方面文总你多虑了，临高的农村贷款不但有，而且形式还是相当多样的叻。”严茗做过调查，本地农村的小规模借贷相当普遍。农民常用这种方式购买肥料和农具，也在青黄不接的时候用来度荒活口。出借的主要是当地的地主富户，以实物借贷为主。利息则多种多样，有年息不到一分五厘的当地士绅宗族搞的互助性质的借贷，也有月息一分的高利贷。
“总得来说，农民还是有一定的借贷意识的。我们的贷款利息低的话，农民会乐意借贷的。如果还要进一步规避风险，可以制定个标准评估客户，搞风险控制。”严茗对搞小额农业贷款很有兴趣――毕竟这将是他经手的第一笔贷款业务，业务虽小，毕竟有个开头。
“要这样的话，我们就无法给当地农民增收，借以收揽民心的了。穷苦的百姓什么也得不到……”
“要兼顾，”文徳嗣深思熟虑了一番之后说，“实在穷得叮当响家徒四壁的贫农就不发了。贷款以小自耕农作为起点。标准放低些，普及面大些，尽量惠及大众吧。”
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