第三十八章 长途贸易
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很多历史爱好者都认为欧洲在近代的兴起是由于工业革命的原因，但如果对历史稍有了解的话就会现工业革命的开端是十八世纪六十年代的英国，珍妮纺纱机的明是1765年，瓦特的改良的可投入实用的蒸汽机已经到了1769年。位于西欧大6的法国、德国等国工业革命的时间更晚，已经到了十九世纪之后了。而在此之前，西欧早已经拥有了对世界上其他部分巨大的优势地位，比如1757年隶属于东印度公司的克莱武以很小的一支部队就打败了拥有十倍于己大军的莫卧儿帝国孟加拉总督，夺取了当时印度次大6最为肥沃的一块土地，克莱武也因此成为了百万富翁。正是从印度汇入英国的黄金促成了工业革命的产生，因此工业革命是西欧占据优势地位的果，而非原因，最多说工业革命扩大和巩固了西欧的优势地位，而不能说工业革命促成了西欧近代的霸主地位。如果说能够制造廉价优质的商品就能征服世界的话，从明朝中叶开始，中国是世界上出产最多最好工业制成品的国家，也是冶炼最多铁的国家，为什么是西欧而不是中国征服世界呢？原因只有一个，在明代的中国，这种从长途贸易起家的金融集团没有和军事力量结合起来，反而集聚了大量的白银沉淀下去，成为了一颗恶性肿瘤。而在刘成的眼前就有一颗正在萌芽的种子，想到这里，刘成的心跳就急促了起来。
“于先生！“刘成又敬了对方一杯酒，笑道：”您觉得这口外贸易，最难办的是什么呢？“
于何此时已经有了四五分酒意，脸上已经花红花红的，说话也放松了许多：“大人，这口外贸易若说难处多得很，风沙、气候、盗匪，但最麻烦的只有两件事：一是钱，二还是钱！”
“哦？”刘成笑道：“您这话说的分明是一件事情，怎么是两件事情。”
“大人有所不知，这钱和钱差别大了，容我细细替大人分说！“于何将手中酒杯放下，又拿了几粒蚕豆，一边吃一边说道：”第一个钱是收货的货款。您想想，这口外生意比不得村头巷尾的小买卖，一年也就跑个一趟，若是货带少了，那连人工钱都挣不回来。因此带货的钱自然是多多益善，像我们这次光是自己就有二十万两银子的货，加上合股的小商户不下三十五万两，您说这钱是不是大问题？“
“不错，这钱果然是大问题。“刘成点了点头（为了让读者们形象的了解三十五万两银子是什么概念，韦伯举一个例子：从万历四十六年到万历四十八年，明政府征收辽饷弄得天下骚然，近四年时间一共征收到了五百二十万零六十二两）：”可若是货带的太多，会不会弄得卖不出去或者价格压低，最后搞得折本呢？“
“大人多虑了！“于何笑了起来：”那些骚鞑子付款又不用铜钱银子，只用皮子、筋角、药材、牲口还有别的硬货，这些东西他们那儿应有尽有，茶叶、盐和杂货他们又怎么会嫌多？就算一时卖不掉，也可以存在货栈里，到时其他部落的也会过来买，下一次再把东西带回来就是了。“
“先生所言有理！“刘成点了点头，的确以当时的运输条件，区区几支商队运出去的货品比起蒙古牧民的需求可以说忽略不计：”只是若是将货物屯在那边，不会有人抢劫吗？“
“大人，那各部大汗也不是傻子，咱们去做买卖，给他带来各种货物，各部来他这儿做买卖，他还能从中抽捐税。若是让人把我们货栈里的东西抢了，就没人过来做买卖，吃亏最大的还是他自己。“
“不错！”刘成笑着替于何空了的杯子倒满酒，笑问道：“那第二个钱呢？”
“那便是货款！“于何抿了一口酒，又吃了一块羊肉，继续说道：“草原上那些骚鞑子倒是好说，他们的买卖都是以货易货，不用担心压款的事。在内地就不同了，盐货就不用说了，官家的买卖是拖不得款子的，便是茶叶、铁器、杂货这些都是必须拿出现钱去买的，而皮货、筋角、牲畜这些就不同了，有现钱的还好，没有现钱的就要等到他们将东西卖清了才能回款，两三个月是少的，便是一年半年也不是没有，头疼的紧。”
“于先生。”刘成听到这里，微微一笑：“我倒是有个法子，不知道成不成。”
“哦，想不到大人您对这商贾之道也有法子？小人愿闻其详。”
“其实先生方才说的难处归根结底只是一件，就是钱少了，若是能把一个铜板当两个铜板用，一两银子当做二两银子用，岂不是就好了？”
于何闻言摇头笑道：“哈哈哈，大人您莫不是有仙人传授的点金之术？若是能有此法，那我等还跋涉千里逐那什一之利作甚？每日在家中数银子不就好了？“
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