违约者必须遭到报复
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违约者必须遭到报复
有这样一则《塔木德》寓言：
很久很久以前，有个漂亮的姑娘和家里人一块儿出外旅行。更多小说ltxs520.com途中，姑娘离开家人信步溜达，不知不觉中走迷了路，来到了一口井边。
当时，她正觉得口渴，就攀着吊桶，下到井里去喝水。结果，喝完了水，却攀不上井来，急得大声哭喊着求救。
这时，刚好有个青年男子打这儿路过，听见井下有人在哭喊，使设法把她救了上来。两个人一见钟情，都表示要永远相爱。
有一天，这个青年不得不出外旅行，临行前特地到她家来见她，和她道别，并且约好，要继续信守旧约。他们双方都表示，不管等待多久，也一定要同对方结婚。
两人订下了婚约后，正想请谁来担任证人，这时候，姑娘刚好看见有一只黄鼠狼走过，跑进了树林。于是，她说：“现在那只黄鼠狼和我们旁边的那口井，就是我们的证人了。”
两个人就此分别。
过了好多年，姑娘一直守着贞洁，等待未婚夫的归来。可是，他却已在遥远的他乡结了婚，生了孩子，过着快乐的生活，完全把原先的婚约给忘了。
一天，孩子玩累了，躺在草地上便睡着了。这时，跑出来一只黄鼠狼，咬了孩子的脖子，孩子死了。他的父母都非常伤心。
后来他俩又生了一个孩子，所以又生活得很幸福。这个男孩长大了，会自己到外面去玩了。
有一天，他来到一口井边，为了观看井下水面上映出的影子，一不小心，掉落井里，溺死了。
到这个时候，那男青年终于记起了从前和那位姑娘的婚约，当时的婚约证人正是黄鼠狼和水井。
于是，他便将事情全都告诉了妻子，同她离了婚。
青年回到姑娘住的村子，而她还在等着他。两个人终于结了婚，过着幸福的日子。
很明显，这是一个在神佑之下合约（婚约）得到履行的故事。
值得注意的是，在这个故事中，对违约行为的惩罚不是直接落在违约者本人的头上，比如让他喝醉了酒掉井里淹死，或让黄鼠狼咬了得狂犬病不治而死（不过证人黄鼠狼的小命也得搭进去了），却是让两个无辜的孩子当替罪羊，读来难免于心不忍。
其实，这本是一个劝人为善、劝人守约的寓言，其寓意根本上在于无论如何要使合约得以履行。要是让违约人一死了之，那就既不符合犹太人“憎恨罪，但不憎恨人”的信条，而且合约也彻底没了希望，守约的姑娘只好于受损失空守闺房一辈子。
所以，故事就毫不怜惜地让惩罚落在违约行为所带来的“赢利”上，即两个孩子身上。在这里，孩子只是一种象征，象征着违约行为的首要成果。
这就从根本上抽去了违约行为的内在意义，使它成为一个纯粹的无谓之举，甚至自讨苦吃之举。这对“违约”夫妻不是两次获得“赢利”而又两次从“幸福”坠入痛苦之中吗？
从这个节骨眼着眼入手，可以说是对“违约病”的最有效的针砭。
在现实生活中，犹太人对内部的违约者采取的是逐出教门的办法。在生意场上，一个受到犹太共同体排斥的“犹太人”可以说是绝难再生存下去（作为生意人生存下去）的。
而对于非犹太人，则一方面毫不容情地上诉法院，要求强制执行合约，或者赔偿损失；另一方面，犹太共同体相互通报，以后不再同此人做生意。
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