４ 尧舜让位
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传说黄帝以后，先后出了三个很出名的部落联盟首领，名叫尧（音yao）、舜（音shun）和禹（音yu）。更多小说ltxsba.com他们原来都是一个部落的首领，后来被推选为部落联盟的首领。
那时候，做部落联盟首领的，有什么大事，都要找各部落首领一起商量。
尧年纪老了，想找一个继承他职位的人。有一次，他召集四方部落首领来商议。
尧说出他的打算后，有个名叫放齐的说：“你的儿子丹朱是个开明的人，继承你的位子很合适。”
尧严肃地说：“不行，这小子品德不好，专爱跟人争吵。”另一个叫-兜（音huaudou）的说：“管水利的共工，工作倒做得挺不错。”
尧摇摇头说：“共工能说会道，表面恭谨，心里另是一套。
用这号人，我不放心。”
这次讨论没有结果，尧继续物色他的继承人。有一次，他又把四方部落首领找来商量，要大家推荐。到会的一致推荐舜。
尧点点头说：“哦！我也听到这个人挺好。你们能不能把他的事迹详细说说？”
大家便把舜的情况说开了：舜的父亲是个糊涂透顶的人，人们叫他瞽叟（音gusou，就是瞎老头儿的意思）。舜的生母早死了，后母很坏。后母生的弟弟名叫象，傲慢得没法说，瞽叟却很宠他。舜生活在这样一个家庭里，待他的父母、弟弟挺好。所以，大家认为舜是个德行好的人。
尧听了挺高兴，决定先把舜考察一下。他把自己两个女儿娥皇、女英嫁给舜，还替舜筑了粮仓，分给他很多牛羊。那后母和弟弟见了，又是羡慕，又是妒忌，和瞽叟一起用计，几次三番想暗害舜。
有一回，瞽叟叫舜修补粮仓的顶。当舜用梯子爬上仓顶的时候，瞽叟就在下面放起火来，想把舜烧死。舜在仓顶上一见起火，想找梯子，梯子已经不知去向。幸好舜随身带着两顶遮太阳用的笠帽。他双手拿着笠帽，像鸟张翅膀一样跳下来。笠帽随风飘荡，舜轻轻地落在地上，一点也没受伤。
瞽叟和象并不甘心，他们又叫舜去淘井。舜跳下井去后，瞽叟和象就在地面上把一块块土石丢下去，把井填没，想把舜活活埋在里面，没想到舜下井后，在井边掘了一个孔道，钻了出来，又安全地回家了。
象不知道舜早已脱险，得意洋洋地回到家里，跟瞽叟说：“这一回哥哥准死了，这个妙计是我想出来的。现在我们可以把哥哥的财产分一分了。”说完，他向舜住的屋子走去，哪知道，他一进屋子，舜正坐在床边弹琴呢。象心里暗暗吃惊，很不好意思地说：“哎，我多么想念您呀！”
舜也装作若无其事，说：“你来得正好，我的事情多，正需要你帮助我来料理呢。”
以后，舜还是像过去一样和和气气对待他的父母和弟弟，瞽叟和象也不敢再暗害舜了。
尧听了大家介绍的舜的事迹，又经过考察，认为舜确是个品德好又挺能干的人，就把首领的位子让给了舜。这种让位，历史上称做“禅让”（禅音shan）。其实，在氏族公社时期，部落首领老了，用选举的办法推选新的首领，并不是什么稀罕事儿。
舜接位后，也是又勤劳，又俭朴，跟老百姓一样劳动，受到大家的信任。过了几年，尧死了，舜还想把部落联盟首领的位子让给尧的儿子丹朱，可是大家都不赞成。舜才正式当上了首领。
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