２６２ 女英雄王聪儿
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和-掌权的时候，清王朝十分腐败，地方官吏贪污横行，百姓怨声载道。更多小说ltxsba.com当时，在湖北、河南一带，白莲教又盛行起来。有个安徽人刘松，到河南传教，利用给百姓治病的机会，劝人入教，后来被官府发现，流放到甘肃去。
刘松的徒弟刘之协和宋之清逃到湖北，继续传教。他们宣传说，清朝快要灭亡，将来会出现新的世界，入教的人都可以分到土地。当地的贫苦农民受够地主剥削的苦，渴望得到土地，听了这个宣传，纷纷参加了白莲教。
参加白莲教的人越来越多的消息，惊动了乾隆帝。乾隆帝命令各省宫府捉拿教徒。一些官吏本来是敲榨勒索的老手，趁机派出差役，挨家挨户地查问，不管你是不是教徒，都得拿出一笔钱来“孝敬”他们。有钱的出钱买命，没钱的穷人就被抓到监狱里拷打，甚至送了命。武昌有个官员向百姓敲榨勒索不成，罗织罪状，受到株连的有几千人。不论教徒或没入教的，都被迫害得家破人亡，对官府更加切齿痛恨。
白莲教首领刘之协到了襄阳，召集教徒开会商量。大家说：“这个世道，真是官逼民反了！不如索性造反吧。”经过一番商议，决定用“官逼民反”的口号，发动群众起义，并且派出教徒分头到各地去联络。
公元1796年，也就在嘉庆帝即位那年，白莲教徒在湖北宜都、枝江等地举行了起义。襄阳地方有个白莲教首领齐林，原定在元宵灯节起义，不料走漏了消息，遭到官府的袭击，齐林和一百多个同伴被杀害。
齐林有个年轻的妻子叫王聪儿，原是个江湖卖艺的女子，从小练得一身武艺。她决心给丈夫和起义的同伴们报仇，就和齐林的徒弟姚之富一起，重新整顿起义队伍，不出一个月，就组织了一支四五万人的起义军。王聪儿和其他首领一起率领队伍，到处打击官府，惩办贪官污吏。
当王聪儿在湖北起义的时候，四川、陕西的白莲教徒也起兵响应。起义的火焰在三省广大地区蔓延开来，一些贫民、流民，都参加了起义队伍。
嘉庆帝一看起义军声势越来越大，慌了手脚，连忙命令各地的总督、巡抚、将军、总兵等大小官员，派出大批人马镇压。可是那些大官、将军们只知道贪污军饷，不懂得怎样打仗。
王聪儿分兵三路，从湖北打到河南。起义军打起仗来不但勇敢，而且机动灵活。他们在行军的时候，不整队，见了官军不正面迎战，不走平坦大道，专拣山间小路走，找机会袭击官军。他们又把兵士分成许多小队，几百人一队，有分有合，忽南忽北，把围剿他们的官军弄得晕头转向，疲于奔命。
王聪儿的起义军在湖北、河南、陕西流动作战，打击官军。第二年，在四川跟那里的起义军会师。
嘉庆帝见官军围剿失败，气得眼都红了，大骂王聪儿是罪魁祸首，又下了一道诏书把一些带兵的将军们狠狠地训斥了一通，撤职的撤职，办罪的办罪，并且严厉督促各地将军集中兵力，围剿王聪儿起义军。
清军将领明亮向嘉庆帝献了一条恶毒的计策，要各地地主组织武装民团，修筑碉堡。起义军一来，就把百姓赶到碉堡里去，叫起义军找不到群众帮助，得不到粮草供应。这种做法，叫做“坚壁清野”。嘉庆帝下令各地采用这种计策，起义军的活动果然越来越困难。
清军在川北一带围攻王聪儿。王聪儿摆脱清军围攻，亲自带领二万人马攻打西安，不料在西安遭到官军阻击，打了败仗；再打回湖北的时候，明亮率领官军紧紧追击。起义军后面有官军，前面又有地主武装民团的拦截，终于在郧西（在今湖北省，郧音yun）的三岔河地方，陷进敌人的包围圈。
王聪儿临危不惧，指挥起义军退到茅山的森林里，准备组织突围。官军发现了，又围住茅山，从山前山后，密密麻麻地拥上来。起义军经过顽强抵抗，终于失败。王聪儿和姚之富眼看突围不成，退到山顶，纵身从陡峭的悬崖上跳下来，英勇牺牲。
女英雄王聪儿牺牲后，各地起义军继续进行反抗官府的斗争。清王朝共花了九年工夫，才把这场大起义镇压下去。但是，清王朝经过这场严重打击，从此一蹶不振。
嘉庆帝死后，他的儿子-宁（-min）即位，就是清宣宗，也叫道光帝。道光帝即位后，清王朝越来越衰落，西方资本主义国家乘机加紧侵略，民族危机越来越严重。到了公元1840年，也就是道光帝即位的第二十年，爆发了鸦片战争。打这以后，中国从封建社会一步步变为半殖民地半封建社会，英勇的中国人民为了反对资本帝国主义侵略，反对封建统治，前仆后继，开展了不屈不挠的艰苦卓绝的斗争。中国历史进入了一个新的时期——近代史时期。
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