第64节：作战准备严重不足
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此时正值酷暑，作战条件之困难艰苦超乎四野全体将士的想象，同时还暴露出作战准备严重不足的弱点。更多小说ltxsba.com随军记者从前线发回一篇报道，完全可以看作是行军实录：
这是一次艰难的行军。正是南方盛夏炎热而多雨的季节，时而暴日当空，时而大雨滂沱，暑气蒸人，道路泥泞。这些来自东北的部队，经过平津战役，迅即南下，途中解放了新乡，又急速前进，一直没有得到很好的休整，部队十分疲惫。他们虽然在襄阳、樊城一带的汉水之中，进行过短时间的渡江作战训练，但对水网稻田地区和山地作战非常生疏，尤其不习惯南方的水土气候，部队又没有及时配发雨具、蚊帐，病员不断增加。记者在行军途中，不时可以看到躺着生病的干部战士。有的严重中暑，口吐白沫；有的发疟疾，浑身哆嗦；有的身患痢疾，又烧又拉。战士们往往是走着走着，就一头栽下，倒在路旁。但当他们从昏迷中清醒过来，立即就挣扎着爬起来，要求追赶部队。对于南方的炎热气候，人不适应，来自东北战场的骡马更受不了。这些曾经拉过辎重驰骋疆场的大骡大马，在南方的恶劣气候下一批批病死，剩下的也走不了崎岖的山路。炮兵战士们不得不把山炮拆下来，几个人合起来背一个部件。在狭窄的羊肠小道上艰难行进。有的战士掉进河里，有的战士摔进深谷，连人带炮一起消失了。
敌人在大路上没命地逃跑，部队插近路从小道上急速追击。南方的山路狭小而崎岖，时而升上云雾缭绕的高山，时而降到河水咆哮的谷底，不少战士脚走肿了，腿扭伤了，一拐一扭地跋山涉水。军政治部主任杨中行是个胖子，走不动路，过去行军打仗，从松辽平原到汉水之滨，几乎没有离过马鞍。现在不得不弃马步行。他步履沉重，走不了几步路得拄着拐杖停下来喘喘气。一支部队沿着沮漳河前进。沮漳河蜿蜒在深山狭谷之间，羊肠小道开凿在沿岸岩壁之上，有一段不过几十里的路程，就要从河中穿过四十八次，人们称为四十八道湾。部队打这里经过，正值连日暴雨，这条平日深不及膝的溪流，现在却是山洪咆哮的宽阔河道，水深过腰，流速湍急。在不少河段，战士们不得不把腿上的绑带解下来，连接起来，捆到会水的战士身上拉过河去，系到对岸的树上，然后战士们拽住绑带渡河。即使这样，有的战士还是连枪带人被激流冲走。
南方山区长期遭受国民党反动派蹂躏压榨，山穷水穷人更穷。当时正值夏荒，新谷尚未登场，群众早已断粮，有的人家即使有一点口粮，也由于对解放军不了解，早已坚壁埋藏。部队急速前进，粮草接济不上，在当地筹粮有时连人影也找不到。
酷暑、饥饿、疾病、疲劳，轮番袭击着四野的追击大军，伤病日多，非战斗减员直线上升，战士体质急剧下降。据统计，一般连队发病率占四分之一，严重的连队占四分之三。林彪只得下令停止追击，进行休整。
“又让他溜了!”林彪十分气恼。
“跑了和尚，跑不了庙，打长沙!”邓子恢安慰他。
8月初，四野第十二兵团和第十三兵团挺进平江、浏阳、常德等地，从东、西两面对长沙形成合围。国民党长沙“绥靖”公署主任兼湖南省政府主席程潜和国民党第一兵团司令长官陈明仁率部七万余人于8月4日宣布起义，长沙及湘潭、宁乡等地和平解放。
从5月到8月，四野以苍鹰搏兔、雄狮噬羊的凌厉攻势发起了汉浔渡江、宜沙和湘赣战役。虽然攻占了武汉、长沙等大城市，争取了张轸、陈明仁两个兵团起义，但始终未能揪住白崇禧的主力，与之决战。为此，林彪怅惘不已。
宜沙、湘赣战役没有达到预期目的，对林彪是一次严重警告，主要是他对白崇禧集团避战的指导方针认识不足，对其实力也估计不够，因此采取了通常情况下的诱敌和近距离包围的部署，而桂军长于山地河川作战，兵力少而机动性强，战术上又有意避免过早与四野主力决战，所以两次均能溜之大吉。
远在北京的毛泽东时刻关注着南方战线，他担心精于战术的林彪又在战略上偏离自己制定的战略方针，遂发出长电，提出自己的看法：
和白部作战方法，无论在茶陵在衡州以南什么地方，在全州、桂林等地，或在他处，均不要采取浅距离包围迂回方法，而应采取远距离包围迂回方法，方能掌握主动，即完全不理白的临时部署而远远超过他，占领他的后方，迫其最后不得不和我作战。因为白部本钱小，极机灵，非万不得已不会和我作战。因此，你们应准备把白部的数十万人引至广西桂林、南宁、柳州等处而歼灭之，甚至还要准备追到昆明歼灭之。
毛泽东一语点中了林彪的要害：他太想报四平那一箭之仇了，所以紧紧地盯住“小诸葛”的一举一动，追求“先敌制动、料在敌先”的兵家境界，他越是想一鼓而下越不能如愿，因为他遇到的对手也是以机变著称的白崇禧。“小诸葛”的心态也与林彪一样，他昼夜不眠地关注着对手，琢磨着对方的排兵布阵，一有风吹草动，立即拔营起寨。在林彪与白崇禧像斗鸡一样对峙的时候，毛泽东发现了他们共同的毛病，即明于微而昧于巨，专心于战术较量而忽略了战略制胜。
一语点醒梦中人。林彪根据毛泽东的电报精神，立即发出《关于与白崇禧部作战的指示》：
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