第1节：梦回北京
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梦回北京
王德威
北京（或北平）叙事是台湾及海外文学的一个小传统。更多小说ltxsba.com1970年代，唐鲁孙（1915-1985）以一系列追怀古都饮食风情的文字引起广大回响。一时之间，像是号称”老盖仙”的夏元瑜（1913-1995）、名报人及小说家陈纪滢（1915-1997）、学界耆宿梁实秋（1920-1987）以及后来以《喜乐画北平》见知的喜乐（1915-）、小民（1929-）夫妇等，都曾与唐相互唱和。透过他们的文字，旧京的风华仿佛又熠熠生辉起来。
这些作者所烘托的北平知情守礼，韵味悠远醇厚。在他们笔下，同仁堂、瑞蚨祥这些老字号总让客人宾至如归；杨小楼、梅兰芳、程砚秋、小翠花、马连良、金少山……多少角儿，名噪一时。城里的节庆喜丧永远有规有矩，从出生的洗三抓周到大去的送殡出殃，都有讲究。尤其饮食，热豆汁、涮羊肉、茯苓饼、碗豆黄、奶酪、灌肠、炒肝儿，冬天夜半叫卖的冻梨、心里美……求之他处，何可复得?当然，遍布城内外的古迹名刹，宫殿园林，千万的胡同人家，还有那一大圈城墙，更是老北京安身立命的所在。这里曾是六百年的帝都，一景一物，都有它的来头。
1949年前后，上百万的军民曾随国民党政府播迁来台。他们背井离乡，常怀故园之思。到了70年代，当令的政治论述已由彼岸过渡到此岸，怀乡者的热情也似乎因为时移事往，而渐渐由浓转淡。唐鲁孙和他的北平知交却在此时异军突起，就不能不令人另眼看待。离开北平二十多年了，这些作家渐渐老去，他们立意要记下所思所怀，自是人情之长。而相对的，他们心中的北平印象非但不曾褪色，反而益发鲜明活泼起来。梁实秋记得小时候吃春饼的盒子菜（《雅舍谈吃》）；郭立诚（1915-1996）不忘饽饽铺油盐店，羊肉床子猪肉杠（《故都忆往》）；白铁铮遥想当年上元中秋重阳端阳的礼尚往来（《老北平的故古典儿》），齐崧、刘嗣、丁秉虽则是一再回味四大名旦、言高谭马的台上台下（《谈梅兰芳》、《国剧的角色与人物》、《孟小冬与言高谭马》、《国剧名伶轶事》）；甚至”台湾姑娘”林海音（1918-2001）在北平一住二十六年，再也不能忘情当年的城南旧事种种（《我的京味儿回忆录》）。要不是这座古城的蕴藉丰厚，地灵人杰，也不可能有如此历久而弥新的魅力。
在唐鲁孙、侯榕生等人的北京纪事将近三十年后，旅美作家张北海（张文艺，1936-）出版了长篇小说《侠隐》。这本小说以1936年到1937年的北平为背景，敷衍了一则侠义奇情故事。这个时期的北平局势暗潮汹涌，日本人的势力蠢蠢欲动，抗日的活动已自展开。与此同时一场江湖恩怨面临摊牌阶段。古城里各路人马斗智斗狠，危机一触即发。当卢沟桥中日两军开火，一切都卷入战争的洪流中。
张北海写的虽然是个侠义故事，他最不能忘情的却是故事发生的场景——北平。在他的笔下，七七事变前夕的古都有着山雨欲来前的宁静。庙会市集的人群熙来攘往，街头城下的光景一如往日。胡同深处，四合院里，寻常百姓的生活还是优哉游哉地过着。但立足多少年后的张北海明白，他是在跨越时空的暌违，观看北京当年的回光返照。贯穿《侠隐》的抒情风格，恰与故事所要铺陈的电光石火，形成强烈对比。
张北海生于1936年，恰是《侠隐》故事发生的那年。1949年他随家人离开大陆，在台湾完成中学与大学教育，之后赴美留学就业，定居以迄于今。从严格的意义来讲，他的北平经验仅止于少年时期。但这座城市已经让他难以忘怀。多年以来，张北海以有关纽约生活的散文，享誉海外。然而他执笔创作首部长篇小说时，这位老纽约却必须回到老北平。
张北海的创作时间与位置，使我们想到了如下问题。比起在台湾曾风靡一时的唐鲁孙、夏元瑜，甚至侯榕生等这些”老北京”，张北海可说是其生也晚，他其实错过了前辈作家笔下北平的好时光。到了90年代末期，这些作家或已过世，或已停笔，而在台湾一片本土化的呼声中，故都种种更不折不扣地成为明日黄花。不仅如此，大陆文学自新时期以降，老中青”京派”作家又卷土重来。汪曾祺、邓友梅、陈建功、刘心武等雕琢京味语言，描写京城人事，一时打动不少旧雨新知。比较起来，张北海少小离家，哪里有本地作家那样多的现成生活资料，供他挥洒?别的不说，他的叙事语言就未必带着京味儿写作的正字标记。
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