第七章 、投刺自荐
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啥叫科举？仅就文意而论，是指分“科”考试以“举”才为官。龙腾小说网ltxs520.com∈↗但是两汉的察举制也分各种科目，即便常设的亦有孝廉、茂才两科，地方上因此而推荐给中央的人才，也都必须通过考试。仅仅是把考试制度定期化、规范化、严格化，分科再多一点儿，就能算是彻底的用人制度大改革吗？就能算科举制度了吗？哪儿有那么简单！
察举制打破了传统贵族以血缘为身份标志的任官制度，改成以家族、集团为其身份标志——所谓世家，并不仅仅指经学大家的子弟，还包括他们的门生、故吏，包括他们的世代依附者。而科举制则将这家族、集团背景也全都打破，使得就理论上而言，毫无家世、根基的庶族地主照样能跟累世宦门子弟站同一条起跑线上参与考试，从而极大地增强了阶层甚至阶级的流动性，增强了全社会的活力。
这是中国中世纪甩其它民族、国家好几条街的高明而独特的用人制度，同时中国的官僚制度亦由此而成型。
举例来说，在察举制下，普通百姓是绝无出头机会的。比方说刘备，虽号皇亲龙裔，其家已然败落，少年时被迫织席贩屦为生。虽然曾经跟公孙瓒等人一起拜在卢植门下吧，估计就他那地位，顶多是个旁听生，所以孝廉、茂才之类肯定无份。他能做官，完全是乱世所造成的特例。
但在完善的科举制度下，只要他天赋尚可，虚心向学。就有可能通过正规途径出仕为官——家里穷又怎么了？唐宋以后满地私塾。只要有心。光靠偷听就能学到不少知识（当然太穷还是算了吧），然后去参加科举考试，便有脱颖而出的机会——当然啦，理论如此，实际上可能性仍然很低，再加上刘备又是一个不喜欢读书的……
还是以麋竺举例更为允当，麋家有钱，但是无势。他之出仕，估计是靠着给陶谦的军费资助，而即便如此，也还在正规编制之外，直到进入刘备集团，才正经有了官身——若非乱世，恐怕连这条道儿都走不通。但既然有钱，在印刷术大行以后，想要搜罗些典籍，找些饱学宿儒来授课便不为难。真要考中了进士，必可一步登天。
察举制度下。九品中正制度下，这种可能性几乎等于零，即便再有钱也举不了孝廉，贿选都没用——身家太低，除非伪造身份，否则无人搭理。
科举制度，一说形之于隋，一说成之于唐，就是勋的认识，还是以唐朝说更为靠谱一点儿。唐代的考试制度与隋代的考试制度最大的区别，就在于士人不必通过地方荐举，而可投刺自荐——说白了，只要你身家清白，没犯过法，没受过刑，理论上所有成年男子都有参加国家公务员考试的资格，压根儿不需要推荐人。
如此一来，掌握荐举大权的世家豪门就没啥能量啦，因为他们不推荐庶族不要紧，庶族可以自己跑去政府机关报名啊。
这才是对察举制和九品中正制最凶残的雷霆一击！
所以当是勋一说出“可使投刺自荐也”的话来，众人当场就都惊了。陈群尤其惊愕、羞恼，即便涵养再好，也忍不住脑门上青筋乱跳，心说你这是根本上否定了察举旧制和我提出来的九品官人法啊！兜这么大个圈子，完全要另起炉灶重搞一套，你是在耍我哪还是耍我哪还是耍我哪？况且如此一来，世家将彻底丧失优势，你就不怕千夫所指吗？！
“既可自荐，则选举何用？！”
是勋朝陈群摆了摆手，示意他稍安毋躁：“勋非妄言也，亦非欲罢九品官人之法。乃云自荐，此因时因势不得不为选举之补充——其因有二。”
陈群呼哧呼哧大喘气，心说要不在曹操驾前，就光你提出的“投刺自荐”，咱们当场割席断交——虽说本来也没太大交情，终究面子上还算过得去不是吗？曹操“唯才是举”，你比他更激进，曹操是因应乱世不得不为，我设制度为开万世之法，你如今要把万世之法全都给搞垮喽，吾辈便当鸣鼓而攻之！不过好吧，是宏辅好为大言，先震慑诸人，然后再慢慢找补，这习惯大家伙儿也都司空见惯了，我就先来听听，你要怎么找补哪？
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