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第二十一章、舅传婿也

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是勋这几个月来一直在翻故纸堆,以理清“禅让”说法的来由和脉络。更多小说ltxs520.com韩非那句话,从根本上否定儒家所谓的禅让,这点是勋早就知道,只是韩非的理论为始皇所敬,为暴秦所用,搁汉朝实在缺乏说服力,所以仅仅这句还不够,还希望能够找到更早先的、更明确的证据。

其实他最希望能够找到《竹书纪年》,那书可古老,究其源头,恐怕不比《春秋》来得晚,其史料价值是《韩非子》之类战国百家之言所无法比拟的。

所谓《竹书纪年》,本是春秋时代晋国的史书,春秋、战国之际三家分晋,书入于魏,由魏国的史官继续编纂下去,直至魏襄王(一说魏哀王)时代。书中零星有“昔尧德衰,为舜所囚也”、“舜囚尧,复偃塞丹朱,使不与父相见也”、“舜囚尧于平阳,取之帝位”、“舜放尧于平阳”等语,可以证明所谓“禅让”,不过是儒家虚构的上古乌托邦而已。

根据史书所载,此书一度失传,逮西晋咸宁五年(公元279年)才被盗墓者掘魏某王之墓而得,因为是用魏国大篆写在竹简上的,故定名为《竹书纪年》,又名《汲冢书》。晋武帝司马炎乃命中书监荀勖、中书令和峤等辨识、翻译,因为遭逢“八王之乱”、“永嘉之乱”等政治动荡,导致工期拖延,一直到东晋初年,才由著作郎束皙最后整理完成。

然而是勋上一世所见到的《竹书纪年》,也早已非其原本啦,此书宋时再度亡佚,到元、明之际才重现刻本。称为“今本”,但被很多学者指斥为伪作。清代嘉庆年间,朱右曾辑录古书中所引用的《纪年》章句,并加以考据,编成《汲冢纪年存真》。称为“古本”是勋所读到过的,就是又经许多专家考证和补订后的这个古本。

那么此书从魏襄王或魏哀王时代终稿,直到西晋时候掘墓所得竹简,中间这几百年间就始终湮灭无闻吗?其实也不见得。古籍因为周期性的动乱而大量亡佚,第一场大祸就是秦始皇的“焚书坑儒”。当然啦,始皇并没有真把所有书都烧光。只是禁止民间私藏而已,内库里可还都留着一份版本呢,问题等到霸王项羽进入关中,一把火焚尽秦之宫室,这最后一版也泰半化为了灰烬……

然后西汉末年又有王莽篡位。导致赤眉、绿林之乱,东汉末年有董卓焚烧雒阳宫室,说不定《竹书纪年》原本并不仅仅埋藏于地下,世间也有传本,结果在这三场浩劫的其中某一场,终于湮灭无闻,如上所述,要等西晋才又挖出一孤本来。

倘若果然如此。那么从秦至汉,其间必然有人读过这部书,对于其中章句。或者会有所引用啊。是勋在兰台一忙好几个月,就是想找那些零星记载出来呢。

嘿,你别说,最终还真被他找着了不少,而且是后世从来也没有听说过的文章……说不定这些书,是在其后“五胡乱华”、五代十国、金灭北宋、元灭南宋。等等等等,诸场浩劫当中。才彻底消失不见的……

想起来还真是使人悲从中来啊!

不过是勋如今并没有功夫为未来之人担忧,他必须先顾眼下。说服刘协把皇帝宝座给主动让出来。于是深入考据、反复筹谋、精密编织,终于准备好了一大套的说词。就先从未必靠谱的韩非之言说起吧。

果然刘协一皱眉头:“韩非之言,安可信耶?”

是勋微微而笑:“岂独韩非不可信耶?旧籍往往传抄讹误,今人往往望文生义,是以禅让谬种流传。臣按典籍,称禅让有者,多不可信,称其无者,亦比比皆是也。”

刘协略微回想一下,便即问道:“朕闻夫子亦曾道及禅让,有诸?”

是勋点点头:“有。”随即却又摇头:“然不可信。”

为什么这么说呢?所谓孔子提及禅让,一般认为只有一处,在《论语》的最后一章。原文为:“尧曰:‘咨,尔舜,天之历数在尔躬,允执其中。四海困穷,天禄永终。’舜亦以命禹……”

是勋说了:“论语者,诸弟子记夫子之言行也,非夫子本作也,固不可免其误记。而况诸篇皆道夫子及子路、子贡等贤达之言行,独此篇茫然追记上古事,此必它文窜入,或有脱漏也……”

这也并非是勋别出心裁,鸡蛋里挑骨头,历代学者亦多认为“尧曰篇”前言不搭后语,应该是中间有所遗漏、脱文。是勋更进一步把那几句话给否了,说我不但怀疑有遗漏,还甚至可能根本就是它文窜入的,本非《论语》原意。

要知道古时候都以竹简为书,编简的皮条很容易磨损、断裂孔子读《易》而“韦编三绝”,那是真事儿,并非夸张加上没有记页码的习惯,重新拼起来就很可能拼错。这还不象纸书,一页上好几百个字儿,前言是不是搭后语,很容易瞧得出来,这一条竹简上最多也不过二、三十字,也就一两句话,那太容易插错地方啦。

当然啦,直接否定原始材料,这在后世的网络辩论中经常能够见到往往有那嘴硬的,对于符合自己需要的典籍就死抱着不放,对于不符合自己需要的典籍,一句“尽信书不如无书”就直接给否了这年月可还是新生事物,光靠这门耍赖手段是无法说服刘协的。好在是勋要脸,不仅仅否定而已

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