第二十一章、舅传婿也
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“即所言真有，亦乃尧命政于舜，舜命政于禹也，未直言禅让。”那两句古文含混不清，光看字面意思，是帝尧把政权交给大舜，“舜亦以命禹”，就跟陛下您如今把朝政全都委托给魏王处理一般，可没明说把帝位也给禅让出去了啊。
刘协一听有理。然而“《尚书》亦有云，岂非明证耶？”
《尚书》中有《尧典》，开篇就说：“昔在帝尧，聪明文思，光宅天下。将逊于位。让于虞舜，作《尧典》。”又有《舜典》，说：“虞舜侧微，尧闻之聪明，将使嗣位，历试诸难。作《舜典》。”
其实这年月所传的《尚书》，虽分今古两派，文字上略有差异，但基本上都是战国以后的版本，只不过今文派传自伏生。古文派尊崇孔壁藏书而已。后世发现“清华简”，直接为秦火前版本，或许比孔壁书更加古老，内容就相差很多啦。所以是勋觉得《尚书》这玩意儿真不能信，天知道经过春秋、战国的诸子百家们怎么篡改过哪。
当然他不能跟刘协说这个，只是继续抠字眼儿：“乃云尧‘将逊于位，让于虞舜’，或云‘将使嗣位’。此未终之言耳。其愿也，非其实也。”只是说想要把帝位让人啊，没提究竟让了没让哪。怎么做得准数呢？
况且“舜娶尧之二女，是尧婿也，家无子，而传诸婿，此亦常事耳，岂可名之禅让？”
刘协当即提出疑问：“尧子丹朱。何谓无子？”
是勋淡淡一笑：“‘尧知子丹朱之不肖，不足以授天下。于是乃权授舜。’此史迁语也，史迁去尧舜之世千岁。所言未可尽信。今臣与陛下所言，皆古籍也，史迁之语不足道也。”
司马迁生年太晚啦，他讲述远古的故事，其中究竟有几成可信，谁都不知道。刚才咱们说的《论语》也好，《尚书》也罢，那起码都是秦以前的作品啊本朝的先不提成不成？
后世把司马迁和他的《史记》哄抬得很高，其实在汉代，普遍认为无论性还是思想性，乃至可信程度，都只列中游，比不上班固的《汉书》所以才班马、班马，班在马前嘛。为什么呢？其实原因也很简单，因为司马迁政治不正确，把刘邦描写成了一个大流氓，倒故意突显出项羽的英雄气概，然后还对汉武帝颇多诋毁之辞……当然啦，改朝换代以后，大家伙儿敢说真话了，才不得不承认，史迁或有所偏激，上面这些还真都说到了点儿上……
所以是勋说《史记》不足为证，刘协倒是并无异议。他只是问啦，禅让之说，深入人心，难道你真能把它一棍子打翻吗？难道秦以前就再没有别的书上提到过禅让吗？
是勋老实回答说有，比方说：“《庄子.逍遥游》有云：‘尧让天下于许由……’则既可让许由，自可让舜也。”然而，庄子那家伙满嘴跑火车，全是寓言，他说的话真能够当成信史吗？
还有“《墨子.尚贤》有云：‘故古者尧举舜于服泽之阳，授之政，天下平；禹举益于阴方之中，授之政，九州成。’”然而且不说墨子之言向来为儒家所排斥，他也光说了“授之政”，没说让位啊。况且其后文便是：“汤举伊尹于庖厨之中，授之政，其谋得；文王举闳夭、泰颠于罝罔之中，授之政，西土服。”难道说商汤也让位给了伊尹，周文王也让位给了闳夭、泰颠吗？岂有此理！那只是说用贤，不是说禅让哪。
其三“《荀子.成相》有云：‘请成相，道圣王，尧、舜尚贤身辞让……
舜授禹，以天下，尚得推贤不失序，外不避仇，内不阿亲贤者予……’”
刘协说这不就得了吗？“身辞让”、“以天下”，难道不是说的禅让吗？那可是荀子说的，还能有错？
是勋摇摇头：“《成相》篇皆韵文，与古散文不同，体制既违，安可采信？或后人妄添入者也。《正论》篇则云：‘世俗之为说者曰尧舜禅让，是不然。天子者，势位至尊，无敌天下，夫有谁与让矣！……夫曰尧舜禅让，是虚言也，是浅者之传，陋者之说也。’则荀子非禅让可明矣。”
此外，我还有别的论据“《左氏.文公十八年》载史克言舜之德，曰：‘是以尧崩而天下如一，同心戴舜以为天子，以其举十六相，去四凶也。’则尧崩而后舜践位，安有死而禅者耶？实乃舅（老丈人）传婿也。”
刘协彻底迷糊了：“然则尧舜为舅传婿也，舜禹岂非禅乎？”
是勋“嘿嘿”一乐：“禹父鯀为舜所杀，但闻外举不避仇，忠于君也，而不闻传位不避仇，其忠于谁欤？”终于把你丫带沟里去啦，下面就该说点儿正经的了！
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