第10章 治术（一）
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赵祯没有紧接着问下去，而只是与徐平默默饮茶。徐平说，赵祯不只是听，他还要仔细去想。只会做皇帝，可不是赵祯智力不行，实际上这些道理，他理解甚深。
过了好一会，赵祯才道：“已闻宰相之道，本于仁义，儒门公理，此无疑矣。然依宰相之言，道只可照亮前行，治国需有术。愿闻宰相治国之术。”
徐平捧笏：“君子谨其行，治国理政，善用其术。一人为君子，两人曰仁，三人及众曰义。子曰，吾道一以贯之，忠恕而已矣。可知所谓仁，就是人与人之间的忠恕。仁本于两人之间，而众又本于仁，不同于仁之处，曰义。治国之术，便是由二人及于众。不失其仁义，便就是以仁义立国，不必拘于小节。”
“臣自入仕，及于今日，若说治事理政之术，十六个字。认识事务，一分为二；解决问题，三方入手。谨记这十六个字，便大略不失于仁义。”
“啊——”赵祯猛地一愣，“哪十六个字？到底如何解？宰相细说！”
徐平也愣住，自己一时说得口滑，用了前世惯用的字词，这个年代不合时宜。想了一会道：“这十六个字的意思，是说我们新见一事，一物，要去搞清楚，需一分为二。执其两端而叩之，中庸之道也。要得其全面而中，不可执其一端。如臣手中之笏，看之如此，还要查其有何用处。若是只看众大臣上朝人人手捧一板，而不知用于笏记，便就觉得过于可笑。如在街衢看一乞丐，百般其惨，便觉得其可怜，是天下不公，而不去查其何以沦为乞丐之因，便会失查。若见一子对其父甚是冷淡，便就认为其是不忠不孝之人，而不去考其为何如此，硬要治其忤逆，一个不慎，就可能违了孝悌本意。见一物或一事，必要一分为二，就是要知其是什么样子，为何会成为这个样子，才能得其根本。”
其实认识事务要一分为二，不仅仅是这些，根本上是辨证法。不过急切之间，徐平说不明白，也举不出足够的例子，便用浅显的意思代替。不错即可，具体的内容，在以后可以慢慢补充。观察事物要全面，不要草率下结论，不然就会盲动，好心办坏事。
“解决问题，三方入手。是讲我们遇有疑难，不要凭着自己的感觉去办事，而要跳脱出来，分成你、我、他，各方考虑过了，才好下手。三方为义，三方着手，才能大义不失。”
听到这里，赵祯直起身来，对徐平道：“宰相之君子、仁、义之说，先前我实听士子讲过。君子、仁，不失圣人本意，细思量，委实该是如此。惟有这义，宰相当日并没有细讲，众人更加众说纷纭，难解到底何意。此次开科，陇右举子便有人涉及此节，只是众人难以详解，又怕宰相必有深意，国子监发解取为中等，让其省试而已。今日解说清楚，以后也好正视听，免致考官举措失当。”
陇右除了徐平帐下发解的那些随军士人，还有其他身份的举子，由国子监发解。从那天徐平起了一个头，这些人私下里议论很多，有人就带到了发解的试题里。徐平有在三司的治绩，有在陇右的军功，文武样样过得去，年轻的读书人追随他的思想，人之常情。只是让国子监发解的考官无所适从，不知到底是个什么意思，又不敢反驳徐平之论，最后只能和稀泥。让写到这些的人顺利发解，但也不给很高的名次，说得过去。
君子好说，仁也好说，但要把义讲清楚，却绝不是几句话的事，甚至从现在开始讲一夜，讲到明天早晨，也未能够完全说清楚。偏偏治国理政，义最重要。君子、仁到底还是偏向个人的考察，正确地使用义，才是治国之术。
徐平起身，看了看旁边的一块黑板，道：“义最难，臣请在板上条列之。”
在议政的场所设置黑板，本就是徐平带来的习惯，赵祯已经习以为常。
得到赵祯允许，徐平走到黑板前，画了三个圈。捧笏道：“遇有疑难，要想不偏不倚得其中，必然是从三方下手。如审案，则有推鞠之官、原告、被告。若有疑难，又传证人对质，则有原告、被告、证人三方。推鞠完毕，又有检法之吏，议刑之官，定谳断刑之官三方定其刑罚。有疑难，每一步，皆从三方入手，方可求全面。”
赵祯点头：“本朝司理参军之设，是祖宗巧思，怜细民之意。鞠谳不同司，各设官员主理，最能免民间冤屈。你如此解，却原来是合了义之大道理。”
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